排序方式: 共有49条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Wido La Heij Nico A. Kaptein Ariane C. Kalff Linda de Lange 《Psychological research》1995,57(2):119-130
Color-color interference refers to the finding that the naming of a target color is hampered by the simultaneous presentation of an incongruent distractor color somewhere else in the visual field. This interference effect has been attributed to an imperfect input selection (selection-for-processing). We test an alternative account in which it is assumed that (a) target and distractor are identified in parallel without mutual interference, (b) the identified target color has to be selected to control the naming response (selection-for-action), and (c) this selection process takes more time and is less accurate in the incongruent condition than in the control conditions. Experiment 1 shows that color-color interference is obtained when a target color, presented at the point of fixation, is flanked by incongruent colors. In Experiments 2 and 3, the central target position is indicated by an additional exogenous selection cue. The results show that an abrupt-onset cue, presented at the central target position 160 ms after the onset of the target and distractors, reduces the interference effect. This finding is interpreted as supporting evidence for a selection-for-action account of color-color interference. 相似文献
32.
Ariane Holcombe M.S. Mark Wolery Ph.D. Julie Katzenmeyer M.S. 《Journal of child and family studies》1995,4(2):177-192
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of effective training procedures for teaching preschoolers to avoid abduction by strangers and to evaluate strategies to promote maintenance of the acquired skills. The study was conducted in three Head Start classrooms with a total of 46 children. A multiple probe design across groups within each class and replicated across the three classrooms was used to evaluate two strategies for promoting maintenance: (a) monthly reviews involving verbal rehearsal, modeling, and feedback; and (b) monthly reviews involving verbal rehearsal, modeling, feedback, and in-class role play. The findings of the study indicate: (a) classroom teachers implemented the training procedures with a high degree of procedural fidelity, (b) all children were taught to resist the lures of strangers, (c) children maintained the critical abduction avoidance behavior (moving away from a stranger) while the maintenance promotion strategies were used, and (d) minimal differences were noted in the effectiveness of the two maintenance promotion strategies for the critical abduction avoidance behavior. 相似文献
33.
Navigation of a Small Mammal by Dead Reckoning and Local Cues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ariane S. Etienne 《Current directions in psychological science》1992,1(2):48-52
34.
Using the dualistic model of passion (Vallerand et al., 2003), this research investigated how harmonious passion (HP) or obsessive passion (OP) for a cause can affect volunteers' health and subjective well‐being. Three studies with volunteers for local (local emergency crises and community help) and international (humanitarian missions) causes assessed physical and psychological health using cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs. Study 1 (N = 108) showed that HP was positively related to satisfaction with one's involvement in the cause and unrelated to physical injuries due to cause involvement. OP was unrelated to satisfaction but positively associated with injuries. Findings were replicated in Study 2 (N = 83). Moreover, self‐neglect mediated the positive and negative effects of HP and OP, respectively, on injuries. Study 3 (N = 77) revealed that HP predicted an increase in satisfaction and health over a 3‐month mission. OP predicted an increase in physical symptoms and a decrease in health. Furthermore, OP before a mission was positively related to self‐neglect that was positively associated with physical symptoms after a mission. OP also positively predicted rumination that was conducive to posttraumatic stress disorder. HP was unrelated to these variables. Findings underscore the role of passion for a cause in predicting intrapersonal outcomes of volunteers. 相似文献
35.
Individual Differences in Training Gains and Transfer Measures: An Investigation of Training Curves in Children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 下载免费PDF全文
Marthe L.A. van der Donk Sietske van Viersen Anne‐Claire Hiemstra‐Beernink Ariane C. Tjeenk‐Kalff Aryan van der Leij Ramón J.L. Lindauer 《Applied cognitive psychology》2017,31(3):302-314
Currently, evidence for the beneficial effects of working memory (WM) training on transfer measures in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is inconsistent. Although there is accumulating evidence for the role of individual differences in training and transfer gains of cognitive training, this area has been left unexplored for children with ADHD. In the current study, an advanced latent growth curve model analysis was used to investigate the individual differences in learning curves (training gains) of WM training tasks within a new cognitive intervention ‘Paying Attention in Class’. It was investigated whether certain baseline variables (age, intelligence quotient, externalizing behaviour problems and presence of learning disability) predicted the learning curves and how these individual learning curves influenced near‐transfer and far‐transfer measures. A total of 164 children diagnosed with ADHD, between the age of 8 and 12 years old, followed this new Paying Attention in Class intervention. WM (near‐transfer) and academic performance (far‐transfer) measures were assessed before treatment and directly after treatment. Results showed that individual differences at the start of training were predicted by age and intelligence quotient, but the individual differences in learning curves were not predicted by any of the baseline variables. Both for the verbal and the visuospatial WM training, children with larger training gains (i.e. steeper training curves) showed larger benefits on the near untrained transfer measures. These effects were absent for the far‐transfer measures. Current study shows that training WM is quite complex and has its limitations for children with ADHD. Nonetheless, it highlights that training and transfer gains are affected by many different factors and warrants the need of a more in‐depth investigation of individual differences in future studies.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
36.
Ariane Zermatten Martial Van der Linden 《Personality and individual differences》2008,44(8):1824-1830
This study explored the relations between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and four facets of impulsivity (Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Lack of Perseverance, Sensation seeking) in 220 non-clinical individuals. The results revealed a strong link between Urgency and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In addition, Lack of Premeditation negatively predicted the Checking and Ordering subscales, while Lack of Perseverance was positively linked with Obsessions and negatively with Ordering. Finally, no relation was found between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and Sensation seeking. These results suggest that it is necessary to differentiate between different facets of impulsivity and different obsessive-compulsive symptoms to study the relationship between these two constructs. 相似文献
37.
Margaret G. Werts Ed.S. Mark Wolery Ph.D. Ariane Holcombe M.S. David L. Gast Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1995,5(1):55-75
We present a review of the existing research on instructive feedback. Instructive feedback is a method of presenting extra, non-target stimuli in the consequent events of instructional trials (e.g., during praise statements). Students are not required to respond to those additional stimuli and are not reinforced if they do. The research is reviewed in terms of the characteristics of participants involved, the settings and instructional variables used, and the findings that emerged. The findings indicate that a wide range of students by age and disability were included and that most studies occurred in special education contexts. When used with response prompting procedures in a variety of direct instructional arrangements, students acquire and maintain some of the instructive feedback stimuli. Thus, teachers are encouraged to use instructive feedback in their direct instructional activities. Areas of future research include using instructive feedback in new contexts and examining methods for presenting instructive feedback. In addition, the use of instructive feedback to influence future learning and stimulus class formation should be investigated. 相似文献
38.
We propose the elements of an epistemological framework in which to situate the fundamental problem of ascribing mentalistic concepts to animals and machines that is posed by Margaret Boden's, Aaron Sloman's and Joseph Margolis' discussion of artificial intelligence and animal psychology. 相似文献
39.
The purpose of this study was to investigate memories of daily actions in checking‐prone participants. A sample of 419 non‐clinical participants completed a questionnaire evaluating Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and a questionnaire evaluating sensory details, emotions, vividness, confidence and memory perspective of seven everyday actions such as ‘brushing one's teeth’. The main results indicated that checking was related to low levels of visual, kinaesthetic and spatial details in memories for actions, more negative emotions and anxiety when performing actions and low confidence in memory quality. In addition, checking‐prone individuals more frequently reported their memories from the perspective of an external observer than non‐checking‐prone individuals. In general, these results seem to indicate that checking is associated with impersonal memories for everyday actions, as well as low confidence in these memories. The role of anxiety is also evoked, as it was significantly related to poor memory characteristics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
40.
Sex Roles - We investigated German first graders’ gender representations in human figure drawings done in 1977 and 2015. We hypothesized that increasing gender-status equality in society as... 相似文献