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Darrin Hodgetts Ottilie Stolte Shiloh Groot 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2014,8(4):156-164
Homelessness is a pressing social and health concern that literally embodies broader inequities in society. This article provides an introduction to research in social psychology on homelessness and an emerging research agenda that situates the contributions of social psychologists within the broader social science effort. Attention is given to the consequences of homelessness, definitional issues, the relevance of a turn to place and interpersonal and intergroup relationships, and the importance of an action‐orientated agenda for responding to the complexities of homelessness. 相似文献
13.
Our reduced ability to correctly report two sequentially presented targets is seen in the robust effect known as the attentional
blink (AB; Raymond, Shapiro, & Arnell, 1992). One recent report (Olivers & Nieuwenhuis, 2005) strikingly reveals the AB to
be virtually abolished when non-task-demanding music occurs in the background. The authors suggest that a diffuse attentional
state is the mediating factor. Here, we seek to broaden the finding’s generality by determining if task-irrelevant visual
motion and flicker also attenuate the AB. In our experiments, the AB task was presented together with a background field of
moving dots that could moveaway from ortoward the central AB task, or flicker. In the control condition, the dots remained static. The AB was attenuated—though to different
degrees—in all experimental conditions, but not in the static condition. Our findings add to the generality of the previous
conclusions, and we emphasize an account based on the overallocation of attention. 相似文献
14.
Within marriages husbands typically tend to be older and higher educated than their wife. This paper tries to explain this by analyzing whether age and education differences between spouses have an effect on happiness. Two alternative hypotheses are tested on the relation between age and education gaps between partners and life satisfaction. It is found that a positive age gap between husband and wife increases both male and female life satisfaction, while female life satisfaction increases if the education gap is smaller. 相似文献
15.
Natasha Tokowicz Judith F. Kroll Annette M. B. de Groot Janet G. van Hell 《Behavior research methods》2002,34(3):435-451
We collected number-of-translation norms on 562 Dutch-English translation pairs from several previous studies of cross-language processing. Participants were highly proficient Dutch—English bilinguals. Form and semantic similarity ratings were collected on the 1,003 possible translation pairs. Approximately 40% of the translations were rated as being similar across languages with respect to spelling/sound (i.e., they were cognates). Approximately 45% of the translations were rated as being highly semantically similar across languages. At least 25% of the words in each direction of translation had more than one translation. The form similarity ratings were found to be highly reliable even when obtained with different bilinguals and modified rating procedures. Number of translations and meaning factors significantly predicted the semantic similarity of translation pairs. In future research, these norms may be used to determine the number of translations of words to control for or study this factor. These norms are available at http://www.talkbank.org/norms/tokowicz/. 相似文献
16.
Alina M. Udall Judith I. M. de Groot Simon B. de Jong Avi Shankar 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2020,19(2):108-141
Encouraging pro‐environmental behaviour (PEB) is an environmental and societal concern. Encouraging PEB focussing on how consumers see themselves (their identity) has blossomed. However, a theoretical assessment of this research is missing. Three main identity theories seem to best explain the research, specifically, and two‐fold, identity, and social identity theory (SIT), collectively known as the unified identity theory (UIT), and place identity theory (PIT). As these theories overlap more than differ in their understanding of identity, we argue that combining these theories is needed to avoid redundancies in identity theorizing, provide a universal approach to identity in terms of the processes and outcomes, and explain the PEB research most succinctly. Therefore, we understand identity similarly between the theories and offer a universal identity theory approach based on the theoretical definitions and assumptions. Finally, we demonstrate how the theory can be used to explain the research. Next, research was identified by conducting a systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines, where 62 studies were relevant. Multiple identities relevant for a given PEB are assumed and evidenced: 99. Identities are assumed to be either individually‐, group‐, and/or place‐focused, drawing on the specific subsets of the universal theory: identity theory, social identity theory, and place identity theory, respectively. Identities are assumed to relate to behaviour, where identity increased PEB with medium effect sizes. Finally, to move the field forward, we provide a theoretical framework of how to test identities in relation to other psychological variables relevant for PEB research. 相似文献
17.
Spatial differential and integral operations in human vision: implications of stabilized retinal image fading 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L E Arend 《Psychological review》1973,80(5):374-395
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The human brain represents different kinds of visual feature dimensions in different ways. For example, surface features exhibit some properties that are very different from contour features, and some feature dimensions may be represented more extensively in either the dorsal or the ventral visual stream. Given such differences, we investigated feature binding across different feature dimensions and whether some feature dimensions might be more easily bound together than others. In Experiment 1, we looked at cross-dimension bindings for all combinations of color, orientation, and shape dimensions, while at the same time controlling for feature discriminability. Rates of correct binding, illusory conjunctions, and feature errors were equivalent in all cases. There was no bias so that some feature dimensions were easier to combine than others. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the difficulty of feature discrimination for the key, target-defining feature and the report feature. Rates of binding errors increased with difficulty of the key feature, but not with that of the report feature. The accuracy of feature discrimination could be dissociated from the accuracy of binding the feature to an object. Across both experiments, the accuracy of feature binding was independent of specific feature dimensions or perceptibility. These findings are discussed in relation to both feature integration and multiple-stage accounts of visual feature integration. 相似文献
20.
Malkki HA Donga LA de Groot SE;NeuroBSIK Mouse Phenomics Consortium Battaglia FP Pennartz CM 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2011,96(2):280-287
Extinction of instrumental responses is an essential skill for adaptive behavior such as foraging. So far, only few studies have focused on extinction following appetitive conditioning in mice. We studied extinction of appetitive operant lever-press behavior in six standard inbred mouse strains (A/J, C3H/HeJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, BALB/cByJ and NOD/Ltj) and eight recombinant inbred mouse lines. From the response rates at the end of operant and extinction training we computed an extinction index, with higher values indicating better capability to omit behavioral responding in absence of reward. This index varied highly across the mouse lines tested, and the variability was partially due to a significant heritable component of 12.6%.To further characterize the relationship between operant learning and extinction, we calculated the slope of the time course of extinction across sessions. While many strains showed a considerable capacity to omit responding when lever pressing was no longer rewarded, we found a few lines showing an abnormally high perseveration in lever press behavior, showing no decay in response scores over extinction sessions.No correlation was found between operant and extinction response scores, suggesting that appetitive operant learning and extinction learning are dissociable, a finding in line with previous studies indicating that these forms of learning are dependent on different brain areas. These data shed light on the heritable basis of extinction learning and may help develop animal models of addictive habits and other perseverative disorders, such as compulsive food seeking and eating. 相似文献