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The Silver Lining Questionnaire (SLQ-38) is purported to measure 10 aspects of adversarial growth in illness. To date however, no empirical evidence exists to support this claim. Hence the aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the SLQ-38 in a sample of 560 individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS), cancer, cardiac, and renal disease. The results demonstrate that 24 SLQ-38 items can be factored into five subscales: improved personal relationships, greater appreciation for life, positive influence on others, personal inner strength and changes in life philosophy, all of which are in accordance with the literature on adversarial growth. Individuals with MS experienced lower adversarial growth compared to other illness groups. Gender, age and time since diagnosis were unrelated to adversarial growth in illness. The utility of the revised SLQ-38 is discussed along with suggestions for future research on the convergent and divergent validity of this revised instrument. 相似文献
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This paper presents a paradigm for understanding the cultural values and family patterns of Irish-American families and offers suggestions for clinical intervention. Families' correspondence to the model described will depend upon their level of acculturation, socioeconomic status, and other contextual factors. The paradigm suggests a number of issues that may create difficulties for the therapist and for the family in therapy. In general, behavioral techniques, Bowen systems therapy, and strategic interventions may be more useful than techniques emphasizing expression of emotions in therapy or direct attempts to alter communication or family behavior in therapy sessions, as used in structural therapy. 相似文献
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Rickard TC Cai DJ Rieth CA Jones J Ard MC 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2008,34(4):834-842
Improvements in motor sequence performance have been observed after a delay involving sleep. This finding has been taken as evidence for an active sleep consolidation process that enhances subsequent performance. In a review of this literature, however, the authors observed 4 aspects of data analyses and experimental design that could lead to improved performance on the test in the absence of any sleep consolidation: (a) masking of learning effects in the averaged data, (b) masking of reactive inhibition effects in the averaged training data, (c) time-of-day and time-since-sleep confounds, and (d) a gradual buildup of fatigue over the course of massed (i.e., concentrated) training. In 2 experiments the authors show that when these factors are controlled for, or when their effects are substantially reduced, the sleep enhancement effect is eliminated. Whereas sleep may play a role in protection from forgetting of motor skills, it does not result in performance enhancement. 相似文献
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MEASUREMENT ERROR IN RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESOURCES and FIRM PERFORMANCE: HOW MUCH ERROR IS THERE AND HOW DOES IT INFLUENCE EFFECT SIZE ESTIMATES? 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
BARRY GERHART PATRICK M. WRIGHT GARY C. MC MAHAN SCOTT A. SNELL 《Personnel Psychology》2000,53(4):803-834
Studies of the relationship between human resource (HR) practices and firm performance typically use a single respondent to assess firm level HR practices or HR effectiveness. However, previous research in other substantive areas suggests that rater differences are a potentially important source of measurement error. We demonstrate analytically the potential consequences of both random and systematic measurement error in research on HR and firm performance. However, our main focus is on random error and we show how generalizability theory can be applied to obtain better estimates of reliability by simultaneously recognizing multiple sources (e.g., items, raters) of random measurement error. These more inclusive reliability estimates, in turn, offer the possibility of more precisely quantifying substantive relationships in the HR and firm performance literature. In our sample, reliabilities (as estimated by generalizability coefficients) for single-rater assessments of HR variables were generally below .50. This degree of measurement error, if present in substantive studies on HR and firm performance, could lead to considerable bias, given that an unstandardized regression coefficient is corrected for measurement error in the independent variable by dividing by its reliability coefficient (not its square root). We also found only limited convergent validity between HR and line managers ratings of a second type of HR measure, HR effectiveness. In general, our findings suggest that future researchers need to devote greater attention to measurement error and construct validity issues. Our study provides an example of how generalizability theory can be useful in this pursuit. 相似文献
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Jonsson GK Anguera MT Blanco-Villaseñor A Losada JL Hernández-Mendo A Ardá T Camerino O Castellano J 《Behavior research methods》2006,38(3):372-381
Traditional methods for quantifying sport performances are limited in their capacity to describe the complex interactions
of events that occur within a performance over time. The following article outlines a new approach to the study of actions
between players in team sports—mainly, soccer. Since the observational design is nomothetic, point, and multidimensional,
an observational and data-collecting instrument has been developed. The instrument is mixed and combines a field format with
a category system for game events, as well as an ad hoc instrument that considers the game actions of one or both teams, each
recorded according to the same criteria. The article also outlines a new approach to the analysis of time-based event records—in
this case, sports performance—known as T-pattern detection. The relevant elements of the T-pattern detection process
are explained, and exemplar data from analyses of soccer matches are presented to highlight the potential of this form of
data analysis. The results suggest that it is possible to identify new kinds of profiles for both individuals and teams on
the basis of observational criteria and a further analysis of temporal behavioral patterns detected within the performances. 相似文献
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