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81.
Brino AL Barros RS Galvão OF Garotti M da Cruz IR Santos JR Dube WV McIlvane WJ 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2011,95(3):387-398
This paper reports use of sample stimulus control shaping procedures to teach arbitrary matching-to-sample to 2 capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). The procedures started with identity matching-to-sample. During shaping, stimulus features of the sample were altered gradually, rendering samples and comparisons increasingly physically dissimilar. The objective was to transform identity matching into arbitrary matching (i.e., matching not based on common physical features of the sample and comparison stimuli). Experiment 1 used a two-comparison procedure. The shaping procedure was ultimately effective, but occasional high error rates at certain program steps inspired a follow-up study. Experiment 2 used the same basic approach, but with a three-comparison matching task. During shaping, the monkey performed accurately until the final steps of the program. Subsequent experimentation tested the hypothesis that the decrease in accuracy was due to restricted stimulus control by sample stimulus features that had not yet been changed in the shaping program. Results were consistent with this hypothesis, thus suggesting a new approach that may transform the sample stimulus control shaping procedure from a sometimes useful laboratory tool to a more general approach to teaching the first instance of arbitrary matching performances to participants who show protracted difficulties in learning such performances. 相似文献
82.
García Linares MC Cerezo Rusillo MT de la Torre Cruz MJ de la Villa Carpio Fernández M Casanova Arias PF 《Psicothema》2011,23(4):654-659
The goal of this study was to analyze the relationship between parenting practices and internalizing and externalizing problems presented by a group of adolescents according to their gender. Four hundred and sixty-nine secondary school students (aged between 12 and 18) participated in this study. The adolescents presented differences in perception of the educational practices of both parents as a function of their gender. Negative parenting practices were positively related to adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems, whereas positive practices were negatively related to externalizing problems. Moreover, differences between boys and girls were found in predictor variables of problems, and the predictive power of the variables was higher for externalizing problems. 相似文献
83.
Cruz J Joiner TE Johnson JG Heisler LK Spitzer RL Pettit JW 《Journal of personality disorders》2000,14(1):64-71
The objective of this study was to assess the distinctiveness, incremental validity, and gender bias of self-defeating personality disorder (SDPD) symptoms. A total of 441 nonclinical subjects completed personality disorder questionnaires. Structural equation modeling and regression analyses indicated that SDPD symptoms were distinctive, predicted impairment/distress beyond other personality disorder symptoms, and showed no gender bias. SDPD warrants reconsideration as a valid nosological category. 相似文献
84.
Cholinergic dependence of taste memory formation: evidence of two distinct processes 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gutiérrez R Rodriguez-Ortiz CJ De La Cruz V Núñez-Jaramillo L Bermudez-Rattoni F 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2003,80(3):323-331
Learning the aversive or positive consequences associated with novel taste solutions has a strong significance for an animal's survival. A lack of recognition of a taste's consequences could prevent ingestion of potential edibles or encounter death. We used conditioned taste aversion (CTA) and attenuation of neophobia (AN) to study aversive and safe taste memory formation. To determine if muscarinic receptors in the insular cortex participate differentially in both tasks, we infused the muscarinic antagonists scopolamine at distinct times before or after the presentation of a strong concentration of saccharin, followed by either an i.p. injection of a malaise-inducing agent or no injection. Our results showed that blockade of muscarinic receptors before taste presentation disrupts both learning tasks. However, the same treatment after the taste prevents AN but not CTA. These results clearly demonstrate that cortical cholinergic activity participates in the acquisition of both safe and aversive memory formation, and that cortical muscarinic receptors seem to be necessary for safe but not for aversive taste memory consolidation. These results suggest that the taste memory trace is processed in the insular cortex simultaneously by at least two independent mechanisms, and that their interaction would determine the degree of aversion or preference learned to a novel taste. 相似文献
85.
Nicolini H Urraca N Camarena B Gomez A Martinez H Rinetti G Campillo C Castelli P Apiquian R Fresan A Garcia-Anaya M Cruz C 《CNS spectrums》2001,6(12):978-9, 992
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) could be considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, from several lines of evidence. One of the most widely studied genes in these disorders is the apolipoprotein E gene, particularly allele 4. We analyzed for association among patients with OCD versus normal controls and cognitively impaired patients. There were no significant differences between OCD probands compared with population controls. However, the cognitively impaired group showed a higher frequency of allele apolipoprotein E gene compared with normal controls and patients with OCD. 相似文献
86.
Blázquez-Alonso Macarena Moreno-Manso Juan Manuel Fernández de la Cruz Marta García-Baamonde Ma. Elena Guerrero-Molina Mónica Godoy-Merino Ma. José 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2021,40(8):3671-3681
Current Psychology - This work analyses sexist attitudes, cognitive strategies and social attitudes in young people between 12 and 16 years of age, attending secondary education. The... 相似文献
87.
Introduction
Self-conscious emotions play an important role in children's psychosocial functioning.Objective
To examine how institutionalized children who have been abused and noninstitutionalized children solve socio-moral conflicts and evoke self-conscious emotions to deal with these conflicts.Method
One hundred children aged 5 to 8 years old (50 placed in residential care after abuse and 50 nonabused living with their biological families) were asked to solve the socio-moral conflicts enacted by a set of five story-stems.Results
Institutionalized children describe less adjusted resolutions and less pride in their narratives than noninstitutionalized children do. Children maltreatment revealed no effect on self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt.Conclusion
Maltreatment influences the way children use their emotional and social resources to deal with socio-moral conflicts. 相似文献88.
89.
90.
Academic dishonesty is a major problem and is thus a highly relevant area of inquiry. Considerable research has shown that key traits from the Big Five model of personality are associated with various forms of anti-social behaviour. To date, however, relatively little research interest has been devoted to study the relationship between personality traits and plagiarism. This study attempts to fill this gap by examining the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the inclination to commit plagiarism by undergraduate students. The main conclusion is that the inclination to plagiarize is negatively associated with Conscientiousness and Agreeableness traits. Neuroticism was not found to be related to the inclination to plagiarize. Implications of the findings are discussed. 相似文献