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131.
Temporal distribution of favourite books, movies, and records: differential encoding and re-sampling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The reminiscence bump is the effect that people recall more personal events from early adulthood than from childhood or adulthood. The bump has been examined extensively. However, the question of whether the bump is caused by differential encoding or re-sampling is still unanswered. To examine this issue, participants were asked to name their three favourite books, movies, and records. Furthermore,they were asked when they first encountered them. We compared the temporal distributions and found that they all showed recency effects and reminiscence bumps. The distribution of favourite books had the largest recency effect and the distribution of favourite records had the largest reminiscence bump. We can explain these results by the difference in rehearsal. Books are read two or three times, movies are watched more frequently, whereas records are listened to numerous times. The results suggest that differential encoding initially causes the reminiscence bump and that re-sampling increases the bump further. 相似文献
132.
Pérez-González LA García-Asenjo L Williams G Carnerero JJ 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2007,40(4):697-701
In the type of intraverbal that consists of saying the opposite of a word, two intraverbals are related to one another because the response form of each intraverbal functions as part of a discriminative stimulus for the other (e.g., "cold" in response to "name the opposite of hot," and vice versa). Moreover, the contextual cue "Name the opposite of--" is the same in the two intraverbals. The purpose of the present research was to explore a procedure designed to promote emergence of intraverbals of this type. Two children with pervasive developmental disorder learned pairs of intraverbals. Thereafter, they were tested for emergence of intraverbals with reversed stimulus-response functions. Results indicate that, although the participants did not initially show emergence of intraverbals with reversed stimulus-response functions, repeated cycles of probing and teaching facilitated emergence of these relations. 相似文献
133.
Arie W. Kruglanski Antonio Pierro E. Tory Higgins Dora Capozza 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(6):1305-1340
Four studies conducted in various organizations in Italy, employing contemporaneous and longitudinal designs, tested hypotheses relating 2 personality constructs—need for cognitive closure ( Kruglanski & Webster, 1996 ) and locomotion tendency ( Higgins, Kruglanski, & Pierro, 2003 ; Kruglanski et al., 2000 )—to individuals’ ability to successfully cope with organizational change. Across diverse organizational settings, populations studied, types of organizational change implemented, and measures of coping with change, we found that need for closure was negatively related, and locomotion tendency was positively related, to coping with change. We also found that the negative relation between need for closure and coping was attenuated where organizational climate is supportive of change, and that degree of successful coping with change determines post‐change work attitudes. 相似文献
134.
Grzywacz JG Arcury TA Márin A Carrillo L Burke B Coates ML Quandt SA 《The Journal of applied psychology》2007,92(4):1119-1130
Work-family conflict research has focused almost exclusively on professional, White adults. The goal of this article was to expand the understanding of culture and industry in shaping experiences and consequences of work-family conflict. Using in-depth interview data (n = 26) and structured survey data (n = 200) from immigrant Latinos employed in the poultry processing industry, the authors evaluated predictions drawn from emerging models emphasizing the influence of cultural characteristics such as collectivism and gender ideology on work-family conflict. Results indicated that immigrant Latinos in poultry processing experienced infrequent work-to-family conflict; both the level and the antecedents of work-to-family conflict differed by gender, with physical demands contributing to greater conflict for women but not men. In addition, there was little evidence that work-family conflict was associated with health in this population. These results demonstrate how traditional models of work-family conflict need to be modified to reflect the needs and circumstances of diverse workers in the new global economy. 相似文献
135.
Surcinelli P Baldaro B Balsamo A Bolzani R Gennari M Rossi NC 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(2):477-482
This study of the presence of alexithymic characteristics in obese adolescents and preadolescents tested the hypothesis of whether they showed impaired recognition and expression of emotion. The sample included 30 obese young participants and a control group of 30 participants of normal weight for their ages. Stimuli, 42 faces representing seven emotional expressions, were shown to participants who identified the emotion expressed in the face. The Level of Emotional Awareness Scale was adapted for children to evaluate their ability to describe their emotions. Young obese participants had significantly lower scores than control participants, but no differences were found in recognition of emotion. The lack of words to describe emotions might suggest a greater prevalence of alexithymic characteristics in the obese participants, but the hypothesis of a general deficit in the processing of emotional experiences was not supported. 相似文献
136.
137.
Carmelo Ardito Paolo Buono Maria Francesca Costabile Rosa Lanzilotti Antonio Piccinno 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):79-86
Interaction design of mobile systems is a complex activity because it requires considering new usability and user experience
aspects in order to exploit the peculiar characteristics of mobile devices, such as their pervasive and ubiquitous nature.
This paper discusses issues about designing, developing and evaluating mobile systems. Italy has a rich cultural heritage,
and the focus in this study is on the design of systems that enable interactive exploration of historical sites, not only
for enhancing the user experience but also for learning purposes. The experience of the researchers at the Interaction, Visualisation
and Usability lab, University of Bari, Italy, in designing a mobile learning system, called Explore!, which supports young
students learning ancient history during a visit to archaeological parks, is reported. The evaluation of Explore! through
systematic field studies shows that the adopted approach is able to transform the visit to archaeological parks into a more
complete and culturally rich experience. 相似文献
138.
Romina Mauro Antonio Pierro Lucia Mannetti E. Tory Higgins Arie W. Kruglanski 《Psychological science》2009,20(6):681-685
ABSTRACT— In this research, we varied the composition of 4-member groups. One third of the groups consisted exclusively of "locomotors," individuals predominantly oriented toward action. Another third of the groups consisted exclusively of "assessors," individuals predominantly oriented toward evaluation. The final third of the groups consisted of a mix of locomotors and assessors. We found that the groups containing only locomotors were faster than the groups containing only assessors, and the groups containing only assessors were more accurate than the groups containing only locomotors. The groups containing a mix of assessors and locomotors were as fast as the groups containing only locomotors and as accurate as the groups containing only assessors. These results echo findings at the individual level of analysis, and suggest that the testing and action components of operating systems independently contribute to performance both intra- and interpersonally. 相似文献
139.
Lucia Mannetti Susanne Leder Libera Insalata Antonio Pierro Tory Higgins Arie Kruglanski 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(6):1120-1125
The present study examined the influence of two regulatory mode concerns—a locomotion concern with movement from state to state and an assessment concern with making comparisons—on choices between immediate and delayed (from 2 to 6 weeks) money rewards. Regulatory mode orientation was induced by means of a priming procedure. We predicted that the choices in the assessment condition would be less impulsive and more far‐sighted than those in the locomotion condition. After taking into account the effects of amount of early reward, length of delay and increase in delayed reward—all of which were in the direction of previous studies—this regulatory mode prediction was supported. Our findings suggest that it might be possible to induce more far‐sighted (or economically rational) inter‐temporal choices by means of instructions that induce an assessment orientation independent of stable inter‐individual differences in discount rate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
140.