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11.
Giancarlo Dimaggio Stijn Vanheule Paul H. Lysaker Antonino Carcione Giuseppe Nicol 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(3):653-664
Self-reflection plays a key role in healthy human adaptation. Self-reflection might involve different capacities which may be impaired to different degrees relatively independently of one another. Variation in abilities for different forms of self-reflection are commonly seen as key aspects of many adult mental disorders. Yet little has been written about whether there are different kinds of deficits in self-reflection found in mental illness, how those deficits should be distinguished from one another and how to characterize the extent to which they are interrelated. We review clinical and experimental literature and suggest four different forms of deficits in self-reflection: (a) sense of ownership of one’s own thoughts and actions, (b) emotional awareness, (c) distinction between fantasy and reality and (d) the integration of a range of different views of oneself and others. We propose how these different impairments in self-reflection are linked with one another. 相似文献
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Developmental dissociations of preparation over time: deconstructing the variable foreperiod phenomena 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Vallesi A Shallice T 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2007,33(6):1377-1388
In a variable foreperiod (FP) paradigm, reaction times (RTs) decrease as a function of FP on trial n (FP effect) but increase with FP on trial n - 1 (sequential effects). These phenomena have traditionally been ascribed to different strategic preparation processes. According to an alternative explanation, common conditioning laws underlie both effects. The present study aims to disentangle these opposite views using a developmental perspective. In Experiment 1A, 4- to 11-year-old children and a control group of adults performed a simple RT task with variable FPs (1, 3, and 5 s). Furthermore, 12 4- to 5-year-old children were retested after 14 months (Experiment 1B). In Experiment 2, a narrower pool of participants (4, 5, and 6 years old) performed a variable FP paradigm with different FPs (1, 2, and 3 s). The results consistently suggest different ontogenetic time courses for the two effects: The sequential effects are already present in the youngest group (4-5 years old), whereas the FP effect appears gradually some years later. These findings are not fully compatible with previous views. A dual-process account is proposed to explain the data. 相似文献
14.
Theabstract variable binding calculus (VB-calculus) provides a formal frame-work encompassing such diverse variable-binding phenomena as lambda abstraction, Riemann integration, existential and universal quantification (in both classical and nonclassical logic), and various notions of generalized quantification that have been studied in abstract model theory. All axioms of the VB-calculus are in the form of equations, but like the lambda calculus it is not a true equational theory since substitution of terms for variables is restricted. A similar problem with the standard formalism of the first-order predicate logic led to the development of the theory of cylindric and polyadic Boolean algebras. We take the same course here and introduce the variety of polyadic VB-algebras as a pure equational form of the VB-calculus. In one of the main results of the paper we show that every locally finite polyadic VB-algebra of infinite dimension is isomorphic to a functional polyadic VB-algebra that is obtained from a model of the VB-calculus by a natural coordinatization process. This theorem is a generalization of the functional representation theorem for polyadic Boolean algebras given by P. Halmos. As an application of this theorem we present a strong completeness theorem for the VB-calculus. More precisely, we prove that, for every VB-theory T that is obtained by adjoining new equations to the axioms of the VB-calculus, there exists a model D such that T
s=t iff D
s=t. This result specializes to a completeness theorem for a number of familiar systems that can be formalized as VB-calculi. For example, the lambda calculus, the classical first-order predicate calculus, the theory of the generalized quantifierexists uncountably many and a fragment of Riemann integration.The work of the first author was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant #DMS 8805870. 相似文献
15.
In this paper we show that the Hilbert system of agency and ability presented by Dag Elgesem is incomplete with respect to
the intended semantics. We argue that completeness result may be easily regained. Finally, we shortly discuss some issues
related to the philosophical intuition behind his approach. This is done by examining Elgesem's modal logic of agency and
ability using semantics with different flavours. 相似文献
16.
Marianna Frascarelli Tommaso Accinni Antonino Buzzanca Luca Carlone Francesco Ghezzi Antonella Moschillo Georgios D. Kotzalidis Paola Bucci Giulia Maria Giordano Martina Fanella Carlo Di Bonaventura Carolina Putotto Bruno Marino Massimo Pasquini Massimo Biondi Fabio Di Fabio 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2023,17(3):564-583
Patients with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DS) show an increased risk of developing a psychotic illness lifetime. 22q11.2DS may represent a reliable model for studying the neurobiological underpinnings of schizophrenia. The study of social inference abilities in a genetic condition at high risk for psychosis, like 22q11.2DS, may shed light on the relationships between neurocognitive processes and patients' daily general functioning. The study sample consisted of 1736 participants, divided into four groups: 22q11.2DS patients with diagnosis of psychotic disorder (DEL SCZ, N = 20); 22q11.2DS subjects with no diagnosis of psychosis (DEL, N = 43); patients diagnosed with schizophrenia without 22q11.2DS (SCZ, N = 893); and healthy controls (HC, N = 780). Social cognition was assessed through The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT) and general functioning through the Specific Levels of Functioning (SLoF) scale. We analysed data through regression analysis. The SCZ and DEL groups had similar levels of global functioning; they both had significantly lower SLoF Total scores than HC (p < .001); the DEL SCZ group showed significantly lower scores compared to the other groups (SCZ, p = .004; DEL, p = .003; HC, p < .001). A significant deficit in social cognition was observed in the three clinical groups. In the DEL SCZ and SCZ groups, TASIT scores significantly predicted global functioning (p < .05). Our findings of social cognition deficit in psychosis-prone patients point to the possible future adoption of rehabilitation programmes, like Social Skills Training and Cognitive Remediation, during premorbid stages of psychosis. 相似文献
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When comparing child analysis with that of grown-ups, we are confronted with a substantial unity of psychoanalytic method, beyond the apparent differences. The more we consider the analysis as a here-and-now interaction between analyst and patient with transformative potential, the more age-dependent differences become blurred, and the specificity of a particular analytic couple acquires more significance. At the same time, what seems to be all the same--the actual patient before us--is quite different, with several components (the child, adolescent, and adult parts), implying a need to recognize the part we should address at any given point. 相似文献
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Caterina Gozzoli Antonino Giorgi Chiara D’Angelo 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2014,70(7):401-425
This work aims at thoroughly studying a phenomenon that today is still not really discussed (i.e., the criminal organization called ‘Ndrangheta). We will particularly deal with the culture and organizational structure of this Mafia phenomenon and analyze its new territories of infiltration and domination (the region of Lombardy, in Northern Italy) after its migration from its original territory (the region of Calabria in Southern Italy). From the review of the existing literature on ‘Ndrangheta, we can actually point out that the contributions on the theme deal with the Mafia phenomenon, circumscribing it in its original territory, therefore mostly adopting a sociological and historical viewpoint. Up to today, nobody addressed ‘Ndrangheta outside these territorial boundaries and adopting a psychological viewpoint, which is the one this contribution starts from. In more specific terms, a text is analyzed, which is composed by the reports of the pre-trial detention order called Crimine-Infinito [Endless Crime], promoted by investigators in 2010 and so far one of the most relevant actions to fight against ‘Ndrangheta. 相似文献
19.
Functional mapping of left parietal areas involved in simple addition and multiplication. A single‐case study of qualitative analysis of errors
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Alessandro Della Puppa Serena De Pellegrin Elena Salillas Alberto Grego Anna Lazzarini Antonino Vallesi Marina Saladini Carlo Semenza 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2015,9(2):330-335
All electrostimulation studies on arithmetic have so far solely reported general errors. Nonetheless, a classification of the errors during stimulation can inform us about underlying arithmetic processes. The present electrostimulation study was performed in a case of left parietal glioma. The patient's erroneous responses suggested that calculation was mainly applied for addition and a combination of retrieval and calculation was mainly applied for multiplication. The findings of the present single‐case study encourage follow up with further data collection with the same paradigm. 相似文献
20.
According to the Cognitive reserve hypothesis, several factors related to mental engagement, such as level of education, type
of occupation, leisure activities and social network, appear to affect the risk of developing clinical dementia. The present
article provides an overview of the studies that have investigated the effects of mental engagement and cognitive stimulation
specifically on dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (AD). Mental training and cognitive stimulation interventions in AD have
been shown to be useful in increasing patients’ ability in performing activities of daily living (ADL), allowing them to maintain
relative independence. Since cognitive engagement and stimulation are known to modify the brain processes to perform tasks,
by recruiting alternative and more efficient networks, this review is especially focused on cognitive rehabilitation in AD
patients, which has been shown to improve their global functioning and cognition. This perspective stresses the idea that
cognitive reserve is not a fixed factor, but can be continuously modified by life experiences, even when the brain is already
affected by neuropathology. 相似文献