全文获取类型
收费全文 | 253篇 |
免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
263篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 7篇 |
2017年 | 8篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 13篇 |
2011年 | 15篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 9篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 4篇 |
2002年 | 12篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 4篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 2篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 4篇 |
1953年 | 2篇 |
1952年 | 3篇 |
1951年 | 6篇 |
1950年 | 2篇 |
1932年 | 1篇 |
1920年 | 1篇 |
1919年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有263条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
111.
Ari?R?JoffeEmail author Meredith?Bara Natalie?Anton Nathan?Nobis 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2014,9(1):20
Introduction
Pediatric health care workers (HCW) often perform, promote, and advocate use of public funds for animal research (AR). We aim to determine whether HCW consider common arguments (and counterarguments) in support (or not) of AR convincing.Design
After development and validation, an e-mail survey was sent to all pediatricians and pediatric intensive care unit nurses and respiratory therapists (RTs) affiliated with a Canadian University. We presented questions about demographics, support for AR, and common arguments (with their counterarguments) to justify the moral permissibility (or not) of AR. Responses are reported using standard tabulations. Responses of pediatricians and nurses/RTs were compared using Chi-square, with P?<?.05 considered significant.Results
Response rate was 53/115(46%) (pediatricians), and 73/120(61%) (nurses/RTs). Pediatricians and nurses/RTs are supportive of AR. Most considered ‘benefits arguments’ sufficient to justify AR; however, most acknowledged that counterarguments suggesting alternative research methods may be available, or that it is unclear why the same ‘benefits arguments’ do not apply to using humans in research, significantly weakened ‘benefits arguments’. Almost all were not convinced of the moral permissibility of AR by ‘characteristics of non-human-animals arguments’, including that non-human-animals may not be sentient, or are simply property. Most were not convinced of the moral permissibility of AR by ‘human exceptionalism’ arguments, including that humans have more advanced mental abilities, are of a special ‘kind’, can enter into social contracts, or face a ‘lifeboat situation’. Counterarguments explained much of this, including that not all humans have these more advanced abilities [the argument from species overlap], and that the notion of ‘kind’ is arbitrary [e.g., why are we not of the kind ‘sentient animal’ or ‘subject-of-a-life’]. Pediatrician and nurse/RT responses were similar.Conclusions
Most respondents were not convinced of the moral permissibility of AR when given common arguments and counterarguments from the literature. HCW should seriously consider arguments on both sides of the AR debate.112.
Response expectancies and response hopes have been shown to be two distinct constructs with important implications for nonvolitional outcomes. More specifically, studies show that response expectancies: (1) are sufficient to cause nonvolitional outcomes, (2) are not mediated by other psychological variables, and (3) are self‐confirming while seemingly automatic. A new programmatic research line has differentiated between people's response expectancies and their response hopes regarding nonvolitional outcomes and showed that even if response hope and response expectancy are separate constructs, they are not unrelated. These concepts have not yet been studied in pregnant women. Moreover, determining the causal factors that best explain the variance of emotional distress and pain in pregnancy is of great importance. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the interrelations between response expectancy and response hope in pregnant women with respect to (1) emotional distress prior to giving birth and (2) pain during giving birth. Additionally, self‐reported labor hours were analyzed as a secondary outcome. Results show that response expectancy for pain directly predicts pain, and that the discrepancy between response hopes and response expectancies is a strong predictor of investigated outcomes. Thus, our results support the idea that preventive psychological interventions for pregnant women should emphasize adjusting response expectancies and response hopes regarding the pain and emotional distress associated with giving birth. We believe that the results have both theoretical and practical implications and the topic deserves further investigation. 相似文献
113.
114.
Pastoral Psychology - 相似文献
115.
116.
117.
Anton J. M. Dijker 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(1):22-30
The terms prejudice and stigmatization tend to be overused and incorrectly applied to normal social control processes and to certain negative side effects of social tolerance. The author proposes that the evolutionary origins of social control stem from the need to repair disturbed relationships in a small group of kin-related individuals without engaging in stigmatization. This perspective results in a comprehensive classification of deviant conditions and their motivational implications. Dependent on type of deviance, situation, and culture, activation of the psychological mechanisms involved in repair may also result in stigmatization or tolerance. Practical implications for stigma prevention and reduction are discussed. 相似文献
118.
119.
120.
Psychological research has found that being asked to predict one's future actions can bring about subsequent behavior consistent with the prediction but different from what would have occurred had no prediction been made. In a 1987 study, Greenwald, Carnot, Beach, and Young induced an increase in voting behavior by means of such a "self-prophecy" effect: Undergraduates who were asked to predict whether they would vote in an upcoming election were substantially more likely to go to the polls than those who had not been asked for a prediction. This paper reports on a replication of the Greenwald study conducted among a larger group of respondents more representative of the American electorate. No evidence was found that self-prophecy effects increase voter turnout. 相似文献