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排序方式: 共有271条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
This research was designed to investigate the items and factor structure of the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) proposed by Torrubia, Avila, Moltó, and Caseras ( 2001 ), as a measure of the behavioral inhibition system and behavioral activation system in Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory. Recent studies that analyzed this instrument by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis suggest the need for structural refinement. The Spanish version of the SPSRQ was analyzed by exploratory and confirmatory procedures in calibration (n = 2,102) and validation (n = 746) independent samples. In addition, convergent and discriminant validity was evaluated with the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (Zuckerman, Kuhlman, Teta, Joireman, & Kraft, 1993 ), the Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness and Empathy Inventory (S. B. G. Eysenck, Pearson, Easting, & Allsopp, 1985 ) the Neuroticism, Extraversion and Openness Five Factor Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992 ), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scales (Barratt, 1985 ). Results showed the robustness of a 20-item structure of the SPSRQ, with satisfactory fit adjustment, validity, and reliability. The findings are discussed in terms of the better functioning and sound psychometric properties of the SPSRQ 20-item version for Gray's personality theory. 相似文献
132.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the relation between teachers' math talk and the acquisition of number sense within kindergarten classrooms. The mathematical language input provided by 35 kindergarten teachers was examined with 9 different input categories. The results of this study indicate that the role of each of these math talk categories is not as straightforward as was hypothesized. Although significant positive relations were found for math talk categories such as cardinality and conventional nominatives, the relations between the categories' calculation and number symbols and children's score on specific number sense tasks were negative. Moreover, a large diversity in math talk was negatively related to kindergartners' number sense acquisition. These results suggest that teachers should be careful and selective with the amount of math talk that they offer to young children. 相似文献
133.
Psychopathic personality disordered patients would, by virtue of a failure to self-regulate, be expected to show diminished amplitudes of feedback-related brain potentials. Among a sample of personality disordered patients detained at different levels of security, those who met a Psychopathy Checklist (PCL) criterion of 25 or above were identified (N = 27). Their event-related brain potentials (ERPs), together with those of their nonpsychopathic counterparts (N = 22) and healthy male controls (N = 20), were measured while they performed a visual Go/No Go task, with feedback given for correct and incorrect performance. Psychopathic patients showed a significantly reduced amplitude of an early frontal negative ERP component maximally evoked by negative feedback, and a high rate of errors of commission. Findings are consistent with the idea that psychopathic patients' unsuccessful attempts to self-regulate reflect a cognitive deficit characterised by a failure to attend and respond to a mismatch between expected and obtained outcomes. 相似文献
134.
Corey Anton 《Human Studies》2006,29(2):181-202
This paper explores the meaning of dreamless sleep. First, I consider four reasons why we commonly pass over sleep’s ontological significance. Second, I compare and contrast death and sleep to show how each is oriented to questions regarding the possibilities of “being-a-whole.” In the third and final part, I explore the meaning and implications of “being-toward-sleep,” arguing that human existence emerges atop naturally anonymous corporeality (i.e. living being). In sum, I try to show that we can recover an authentic – if somewhat ambiguous – sense of “being-a-whole” only by recognizing the ontological significance of dreamless sleep. 相似文献
135.
Anton Kühberger Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck Josef Perner 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2002,89(2):20
This paper addresses the general issue of whether the practice of investigating human decision making in hypothetical choice situations is at all warranted, or under what conditions. A particularly relevant factor that affects the match between real decisions and hypothetical decisions is the importance of a decision’s consequences. In the literature experimental gambles tend to confound the reality of the decision situation with the size of the payoffs: hypothetical decisions tend to offer large payoffs, and real decisions tend to offer only small payoffs. Using the well-known framing effect (a tendency of risk-aversion for gains and of risk-seeking for losses) we find that the framing effect depends on payoff size but hypothetical choices match real choices for small as well as large payoffs. These results appear paradoxical unless size of incentive is clearly distinguished from the reality status of decision (real versus hypothetical). Since the field lacks a general theory of when hypothetical decisions match real decisions, the discussion presents an outline for developing such a theory. 相似文献
136.
Conversion disorder consists of involuntary sensory or motor symptoms and deficits that cannot be explained by a general medical condition. There are several treatment options, although none has emerged as the treatment of choice. The present case study examined the effects of adding cognitive behaviour therapy to neuropsychiatric management of conversion disorder (motor subtype). The patient, a retired emergency services worker, presented with a history of intermittent episodes of speech disruption (inability to speak or difficulty speaking properly). Although episodes of speech disturbance sometimes occurred unexpectedly, they were more likely to occur under conditions of stress and fatigue, and were triggered by reminders of work-related traumatic events. The patient was treated with pharmacotherapy and psychoeducation from a neuropsychiatrist. With the aim of improving treatment outcome, cognitive behaviour therapy was added, involving imaginal exposure to trauma memories, along with cognitive restructuring. The frequency of between- and within-session speech disturbance episodes declined over the course of cognitive behaviour therapy to the point that the patient was essentially symptom-free. Within-session distress ratings also decreased, which suggested habituation to trauma-related memories. This case study demonstrates how particular cognitive behaviour therapy interventions can be usefully applied to one form of conversion disorder. 相似文献
137.
Glutamate receptor-dependent neural plasticity is thought to be implicated in memory processes. Ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate- (NMDA) sensitive and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate- (AMPA) sensitive glutamate receptors have been particularly studied for their role in synaptic plasticity. Drugs can alter AMPA and NMDA receptor neurotransmission by competing for the glutamate site or other sites on these receptor proteins. Variants of the protein subunits forming AMPA and NMDA heteromers contribute to the complexity of pharmacological activity at these receptors. The NMDA receptor has numerous modulatory centers, including the glycine binding site, NR2B protein specific binding site, and an intrachannel (PCP) binding site. In this study, the accuracy and rate of rats performing under a Fixed Consecutive Number (FCN) operant task were measured after administrations of site-selective AMPA and NMDA receptor modulators. Test compounds included two glycine site NMDA agonists [(+)HA 966 and D-cycloserine], two NR2-B site NMDA antagonists (eliprodil and ifenprodil), an NMDA channel blocking antagonist (MK 801), and a competitively acting AMPA receptor antagonist (NBQX). The accuracy of FCN performance was not affected by response-rate-altering doses of (+) HA 966, D-cycloserine, eliprodil, ifenprodil, or NBQX. MK 801, on the other hand, reduced performance accuracy at several doses. These results are consistent with earlier studies suggesting that AMPA antagonists minimally affect working memory and that glycine and NR2B protein-specific modulatory sites may have advantages as targets for the development of medications intended to alter NMDA receptor-mediated transmission. 相似文献
138.
Richter S Maschke M Timmann D Konczak J Kalenscher T Illenberger AR Kalveram K 《Journal of motor behavior》2004,36(1):28-38
The authors investigated adaptation of goal-directed forearm movements to an unknown external viscous force assisting forearm flexion in 6 patients with cerebellar dysfunction and in 6 control participants. Motor performance was generally degraded in cerebellar patients and was markedly reduced under the force condition in both groups. However, patients and controls were able to adapt to the novel force within 8 trials. Only the healthy controls were able to improve motor performance when readapting to a null-force condition. The results indicate that cerebellar patients' motor control system has imprecise estimations of actual limb dynamics at its disposal. Force adaptation may have been preserved because single-joint movements were performed, whereas the negative viscous force alone and no interaction forces had to be compensated. 相似文献
139.
Käll Anton Shafran Roz Andersson Gerhard 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2021,43(3):686-696
Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment - Loneliness is a common experience in populations experiencing mental health problems. Associations with symptoms of psychopathology are... 相似文献
140.