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81.
Stephen Matthey Antoine Guedeney Nafsica Starakis Bryanne Barnett 《Infant mental health journal》2005,26(5):442-458
Infants can show a range of social behavior when interacting with their main caregiver. Previous work has demonstrated that when the caregiver is depressed, the infant may demonstrate withdrawn behavior not only to this person but also to others. This pilot study used a relatively new assessment tool, the Alarme Distress de Bebe Scale (ADBB; Guedeney and Fermanian, 2001), to assess the social behavior of 44 infants during a routine physical checkup. Results indicated that withdrawn infant social behavior to the clinician was related to the mother's report of whether she had felt more irritable, sad, anxious, or depressed since the birth, but not to her current mood as rated by her score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (Cox, Holden & Sagovsky, 1987). The psychometric properties of the ADBB also were explored. The findings are further evidence for the need to screen for mood difficulties in women with infants not just by focusing on a woman's current mood but also her mood since the infant's birth. 相似文献
82.
P. Baumann 《Erkenntnis》2006,64(3):403-408
Christoph J?ger (2004) argues that Dretske’s information theory of knowledge raises a serious problem for his denial of closure
of knowledge under known entailment: Information is closed under known entailment (even under entailment simpliciter); given
that Dretske explains the concept of knowledge in terms of “information”, it is hard to stick with his denial of closure for
knowledge. Thus, one of the two basic claims of Dretske would have to go. Since giving up the denial of closure would commit
Dretske to skepticism, it would most probably be better to rather give up the information-theoretic account of knowledge.
But that means that one of the best externalist views of knowledge has to be given up. I argue here that J?ger is mistaken
and that there is no problem for Dretske. There is a rather easy way out of J?ger’s problem. 相似文献
83.
Martin Baumann 《Journal of Contemporary Religion》2006,21(3):297-323
Processes of immigration and the importance of religion among migrants have caught the interest of both researchers and politicians. This article presents new empirical data from a study of Tamil Hindu immigrants in Germany. Tamils from Sri Lanka have come to Germany as asylum seekers during the 1980s and 1990s. The majority are Hindus (about 46,000) who established some 25 Hindu temples over the past two decades. In contrast to previous ethnographic research on this immigrant group, this article applies quantitative and statistical research to complement existing findings and to analyse the scope of religiousness and its impact on processes of immigrant social incorporation. The findings underscore that material wealth and generation progression exert a significant influence on the religiousness of the Tamil Hindu immigrants. The results also show that on the one hand, religion has significant association with Tamils’ reluctance to assimilate and with their preference to maintain contact with other Tamils rather than contact with Germans. However, on the other hand, religion does not prevent contact with Germans on the level of interaction. In fact, the data point to an increase of inter-ethnic contact among the Hindu. Another important finding is identification with multiple religions: 8.1% of the sample describe themselves as both Hindu and Catholic. 相似文献
84.
Bryan L. Bonner Michael R. Baumann Austin K. Lehn Daisy M. Pierce Erin C. Wheeler 《European journal of social psychology》2006,36(5):617-633
Three studies examined group problem‐solving on complex intellective tasks. In Study 1, a decision model proposed by Laughlin and Hollingshead ( 1995 ) provided the best fit to actual group choices. This study also compared three‐person group versus individual performance with time constrained and number of problems unconstrained, with individuals solving non‐significantly more problems and groups obtaining significantly superior trials‐to‐solution scores. In Study 2, one member of each group was given additional information on how to perform the task and member extroversion was measured. Neither factor significantly impacted the decision‐making process. In Study 3, task expertise was assessed prior to the group interaction. Results indicate that group members were twice as likely to adopt an option proposed by an expert compared to other group members. Together these studies demonstrate that group problem solving is governed jointly by qualities of the task and qualities of the group members. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
85.
Is a Worried Citizen a Good Citizen? Emotions,Political Information Seeking,and Learning via the Internet 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
Nicholas A. Valentino Vincent L. Hutchings Antoine J. Banks Anne K. Davis 《Political psychology》2008,29(2):247-273
In this study we explore the mediating role of emotions in the process of becoming a politically informed citizen. Contrary to previous studies, we expect that anger and anxiety will have much different effects on this process. We suspect the role of anxiety is somewhat unique even among negative emotions as mediator of the causal effect of political threats on information seeking and learning. In addition, we speculate that anxiety should improve the quality of information seeking, not just its quantity. In one experiment, we induce emotions directly and find that while anger, enthusiasm, and anxiety can lead people to claim they will pay attention to the campaign, anger actually depresses total information seeking. In a second experiment, we examine the impact of realistic political threats and find that exposure triggers several emotions but that only anxiety boosts information seeking and learning. 相似文献
86.
Peter Baumann 《Synthese》2008,162(2):265-273
In Baumann (American Philosophical Quarterly 42: 71–79, 2005) I argued that reflections on a variation of the Monty Hall problem
throws a very general skeptical light on the idea of single-case probabilities. Levy (Synthese, forthcoming, 2007) puts forward
some interesting objections which I answer here. 相似文献
87.
The judgments of groups have immense impact on our daily lives. This paper theorizes that three families of intra‐group influence affect the collective estimation process. These different forms of influence map to different levels of task demonstrability, or the extent to which correct answers are transparent to problem‐solvers. When demonstrability is low, group estimates are disproportionately influenced by proposals closer to the intra‐group mean (centrality). When demonstrability is high and groups are small, group decisions are disproportionately influenced by proposals closer to the correct answer (accuracy). Finally, when demonstrability is high and groups are larger, group decisions are disproportionately influenced by proposals offered by generally more accurate individuals across a set of judgments (expertise). Three laboratory studies support our predictions with regard to informational influence in cooperative groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
88.
Leigh Ann Vaughn Jolie Baumann Christine Klemann 《Journal of research in personality》2008,42(4):886-894
Regulatory fit occurs when one’s strategies of goal pursuit sustain one’s interests in an activity, which can enhance motivation [e.g., Higgins, E. T. (2005). Value from regulatory fit. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14, 209–213]. Because the strategic inclinations of people high (low) in Openness are similar to those of people in a promotion (prevention) focus, regulatory fit should be possible. We found that people higher in Openness were more motivated to pursue promotion-related goals (hopes/aspirations in Study 1 and a gain-framed goal in Study 2) and less motivated to pursue prevention-related goals (duties/obligations in Study 1 and a loss-framed goal in Study 2). We discuss how other traits might relate to motivation to pursue promotion- and prevention-related goals as well as other future research directions for regulatory focus and Openness. 相似文献
89.
This study provides new evidence of motives of secondary social sharing of emotions. In a retrospective study, 140 female (Mage = 29.4 yr., SD=12.8) and 116 male (M = 29.5 yr., SD = 13.1) participants were asked to recall a recent situation in which they had talked to a third person about a positive or negative, low or high intensity emotional narrative they had heard. 70% of the respondents reported having secondarily shared the reported event rapidly after the narration with several persons and at several times. Moreover, they not only described the event, the speaker's reaction and their own reactions, but also revealed the identity of their first confidant. Participants reported having spread the emotional narrative more widely in the high negative condition in order to seek emotional support and social comparison. 相似文献
90.