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81.
82.
In selection research and practice, there have been many attempts to correct scores on noncognitive measures for applicants who may have faked their responses somehow. A related approach with more impact would be identifying and removing faking applicants from consideration for employment entirely, replacing them with high-scoring alternatives. The current study demonstrates that under typical conditions found in selection, even this latter approach has minimal impact on mean performance levels. Results indicate about .1 SD change in mean performance across a range of typical correlations between a faking measure and the criterion. Where trait scores were corrected only for suspected faking, and applicants not removed or replaced, the minimal impact the authors found on mean performance was reduced even further. By comparison, the impact of selection ratio and test validity is much larger across a range of realistic levels of selection ratios and validities. If selection researchers are interested only in maximizing predicted performance or validity, the use of faking measures to correct scores or remove applicants from further employment consideration will produce minimal effects. 相似文献
83.
Thirty-eight college students watched a short, edited version of Milgram’s documentary film, Obedience. They were then randomly assigned to one of two responseconditions: A Choice condition, in which they chose one of six explanations
for the compliance of a subject depicted in the film, or a Likelihood condition, where they used a Likert-type scale to indicate
the likelihood that each explanation elicited the subject’s compliance. The six explanations were based on French and Raven’s
(1959) constructs regarding the bases of social power. We found that expert and legitimate power were judged as the most likely
explanations in both conditions, replicating the findings of an earlier study that had used a different response format, i.e.
rankordering the explanations, and thereby verifying the generality and robustness of the phenomenon. 相似文献
84.
Gender and the Internet: Women Communicating and Men Searching 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
This research examined gender differences in Internet use and factors responsible for these differences. A sample of 630 Anglo American undergraduates completed the Student Computer and Internet Survey that contained questions about e-mail and Web use, and about potential affective and cognitive mediators of use. Based on a general model of Internet use, we predicted and found that females used e-mail more than did males, males used the Web more than did females, and females reported more computer anxiety, less computer self-efficacy, and less favorable and less stereotypic computer attitudes. Path analysis to identify mediators of gender differences in Internet use revealed that computer self-efficacy, loneliness, and depression accounted in part for gender differences, but that gender continued to have a direct effect on use after these factors were considered. Implications for realizing the democratizing potential and benefits of Internet use are discussed. 相似文献
85.
J Clevenger G M Pereira D Wiechmann N Schmitt V S Harvey 《The Journal of applied psychology》2001,86(3):410-417
Using 3 different samples, the authors assessed the incremental validity of situational judgment inventories (SJIs), relative to job knowledge, cognitive ability, job experience, and conscientiousness, in the prediction of job performance. The SJI was a valid predictor in all 3 samples and incrementally so in 2 samples. Relative to the other predictors, SJI's partial correlation with performance, controlling for the other 4 predictors, was superior in most comparisons. Subgroup differences on the SJI also appear to be less than those for cognitive ability and job knowledge, but greater than differences in conscientiousness. The SJI should prove to be a valuable additional measure in the prediction of job performance, but several additional areas of research are suggested. 相似文献
86.
This research explores relationships between aspects of spiritual well-being, alcohol use and related social-cognitions in
college women. The sample included 151 female college students ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Participants read a behavioral
vignette depicting alcohol use by a student and completed a survey that included measures of alcohol use, counterfactual attributions
and beliefs about drinking, as well as religious and existential aspects of spiritual well-being. Results suggested religious-
and existential well-being to be inversely associated with indices of alcohol use and the likelihood of attending a social
event where alcohol is present. Further, religious well-being was found to be negatively associated with beliefs concerning
the social-effects of alcohol, while existential well-being was observed to be a significant predictor of a composite set
of attributions related to alcohol prevention. Importantly, these data suggest religious and existential aspects of spiritual
well-being as moderators of behavior as well as causal attributions and beliefs that represent a cognitive mechanism of alcohol
prevention in college women. Use of counterfactual exercises as an educational technique, and potential barriers of religious
and existential oriented prevention programs are briefly discussed. 相似文献
87.
88.
To help or not to help an outgroup member: The role of the target's individual attributes in resolving potential helpers' motivational conflict 下载免费PDF全文
Birte Siem Katharina Lotz‐Schmitt Stefan Stürmer 《European journal of social psychology》2014,44(4):297-312
When people are faced with the decision of whether or not to help an outgroup member, they often experience conflicting motivational tendencies due to the concurrent presence of factors prompting help and factors prompting non‐help. We argue that one way of how people deal with this conflict is by taking a closer look at the target's individual attributes, especially at those indicating the target's benevolence. Findings of Experiment 1 (N = 96), in which we manipulated intercultural dissimilarity between participants and a (fictitious) recipient of help and normative pressure to help as two factors affecting motivational conflict, support this basic assumption. Specifically, response latencies analyses confirmed that participants assigned a culturally highly dissimilar target spent more time on inspecting target‐related information when normative pressure, and thus motivational conflict, was high than when it was low. Experiment 2 (N = 141) extended these findings by demonstrating that providing potential helpers with explicit information about an outgroup member's benevolence increased helping intentions through reducing their negative interaction expectancies (and thus motivational conflict). As expected, this mediational relationship could only be observed for participants assigned a culturally highly dissimilar target. Experiment 3 (N = 46) replicated these mediation findings in a within‐subjects design. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
89.
The present study provides Dutch norms for age of acquisition, familiarity, imageability, image agreement, visual complexity, word frequency, and word length (in syllables) for 124 line drawings of actions. Ratings were obtained from 117 Dutch participants. Word frequency was determined on the basis of the SUBTLEX-NL corpus (Keuleers, Brysbaert, & New, Behavior Research Methods, 42, 643–650, 2010). For 104 of the pictures, naming latencies and name agreement were determined in a separate naming experiment with 74 native speakers of Dutch. The Dutch norms closely corresponded to the norms for British English. Multiple regression analysis showed that age of acquisition, imageability, image agreement, visual complexity, and name agreement were significant predictors of naming latencies, whereas word frequency and word length were not. Combined with the results of a principal-component analysis, these findings suggest that variables influencing the processes of conceptual preparation and lexical selection affect latencies more strongly than do variables influencing word-form encoding. 相似文献
90.
In Germany and Denmark, the systems of further education and career guidance are well developed, offering a wide range of services and learning opportunities for targeted, specific and also general skills development. Based on an empirical study with mid-career individuals in both countries, the article investigates how the different systems support individuals to manage a career transition and develop their individual pathways. Mid-career transitions can be considered particularly challenging as they often reflect a more profound crisis and major concerns about future career opportunities. Constraints that prevent individuals in mid-career to fully benefit from the learning and guidance offers available can be identified in both countries. These range from the availability of programmes and accessing funding to getting the ‘right’ information. These constraints partly derive from adult education and guidance systems presupposing linear careers rather than disruptive trajectories and horizontal mobility. 相似文献