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121.
McGregor A Good MA Pearce JM 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2004,30(1):34-44
In 3 experiments, rats were required to escape from a Morris pool by swimming to a submerged platform that was located at the apex of a notional, equilateral triangle with 2 different landmarks occupying the corners at the base. Training for 1 group was always conducted in view of the landmarks surrounding the pool and with the triangular array in a fixed orientation. Subjects could therefore identify the direction of the platform from a single landmark within the pool by reference to cues outside the pool or to the other landmark within the pool. Both strategies were used, and the results from additional groups revealed that the first of these strategies did not affect the acquisition of the second one. 相似文献
122.
Pearce JM Good MA Jones PM McGregor A 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2004,30(2):135-147
In 3 experiments, rats were required to find a submerged platform located in 1 corner of an arena that had 2 long and 2 short sides; they were then trained to find the platform in a new arena that also had 2 long and 2 short sides but a different overall shape. The platform in the new arena was easier to find if it was in a corner that was geometrically equivalent, rather than the mirror image, of the corner where it had previously been located. The final experiment revealed that hippocampal lesions impaired rats' ability to find the platform in these arenas. The results suggest that rats did not use the overall shape of the arena to locate the platform but relied on more local cues and that the hippocampus plays a role in navigation based on these cues. 相似文献
123.
A startle stimulus has been shown to elicit a ballistic response in a reaction time (RT) task at very short latencies without involvement of the cerebral cortex (J. Valls-Sole, J. C. Rothwell, F. Gooulard, G. Cossu, & E. Munoz, 1999). The present authors examined the nature of the startle response. A simple RT task was used in which 8 participants performed arm extension movements to 3 target distances (20 degrees, 40 degrees, and 60 degrees ) in a blocked design. An unpredictable startling acoustic stimulus (124 dB) replaced the imperative stimulus in certain trials. The authors verified the presence of a startle response independent from the prepared response by observing electromyographic (EMG) activity in sternocleidomastoid and orbicularis oculi muscles. Findings indicated that when the participant was startled, the intended voluntary response was produced at significantly shorter response latencies. Furthermore, the kinematic variables of the observed response during startle trials for all 3 target distances were mostly unchanged. The EMG characteristics of the responses were not modified, indicating that the response produced was indeed the prepared and intended response. 相似文献
124.
125.
UCLA Loneliness Scale (8-item version) scores in a sample of 384 gay and lesbian adolescents support the hypothesis that such youths are especially vulnerable to loneliness. 相似文献
126.
Affective, behavioral, and cognitive functioning in adolescents with multiple suicide attempts 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The purpose of this study was to examine affective, behavioral, and cognitive functioning in adolescents with multiple suicide attempts. Forty-seven adolescents with a history of multiple suicide attempts (MA) were compared to 74 single suicide attempters (SA) on psychiatric diagnosis, depressive symptoms, affect regulation, self-mutilation, alcohol use, and hopelessness. Results revealed that the MA group was more likely to be diagnosed with a mood disorder, and reported more severe depressive symptoms and anger, in comparison to the SA group. Behaviorally, the MA group had higher rates of disruptive behavior disorders and higher levels of affect dysregulation and serious self-mutilation than the SA group. Further, greater levels of hopelessness were reported by the MA than the SA group. After controlling for a mood disorder diagnosis, only differences in anger, affect dysregulation, and serious self-mutilation remained significant. Overall, results suggest that treatment with adolescent suicide attempters might specifically target anger and affect dysregulation to reduce risk for future suicidal behavior. 相似文献
127.
Biomedicine is a global enterprise constructed upon the belief in the universality of scientific truths. However, despite
huge scientific advances over recent decades it has not been able to formulate a specific and universal definition of death:
In fact, in its attempt to redefine death, the concept of death appears to have become immersed in ever increasing vagueness
and ambiguity. Even more worrisome is that bioethics, in the form of principlism, is also endeavouring to become a global
enterprise by claiming neutrality. It appears that the discourse within both disciplines have similarly manipulated the boundaries
of death to include the “dying”. This paper argues that the redefinition of death debate in biomedicine reveals a concept
of personhood which is profoundly western in origin and which is in accordance to the concept adhered to within principlism.
Biomedicine and bioethics do not appear to acknowledge the limitations of their own world view and hence lack an understanding
of their applicability and appropriateness in diverse social and cultural contexts; a situation which adds credence to claims
as to the hegemonic and imperialistic nature of all such global enterprises.
Ms. Jones is an intensive care clinical nursing specialist.
Dr. Kessel is a public health physician and medical ethicist. 相似文献
128.
Anthony J. Godzieba 《Heythrop Journal》1999,40(3):319-339
New opportunities for discourse about God have arisen, along with new challenges to the mainstream Catholic theology of God. In order to take advantage of these opportunities, a truly contemporary Catholic theology of God must critically appropriate three 'events' which have affected its approach to the subject matter: (1) Heidegger's periodizing critique of ontotheology; (2) the 'contemporary' viewed as the arena of contention between modern and postmodern claims; (3) the presence of the Kingdom of God and the revelation of the nature of God in the person and work of Jesus Christ, which alter our understandings of time and being. The present essay sketches a program for an authentically Catholic response to the issues raised by these occurrences, emphasizing the Catholic commitment to incarnation and sacramentality and the necessary effort to retrieve redemptive images of God from modernity, despite the present tendency of some postmodern theologians and philosophers to dismiss aspects of the past as unusable. 相似文献
129.
130.
Anthony P. Tvaryanas Edward D. White Valarie M. Schroeder Heather J. Mahaney 《Military psychology》2018,30(4):295-301
This study assessed the performance of the PC-PTSD in diagnosing postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a cohort of Air Force Medical Services personnel (N = 18,530). The prevalence of PTSD in the cohort was 5.18% based on medical record data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.69, indicating poor classification accuracy. Sensitivity was 47.55%, specificity was 90.68%, positive predictive value was 21.79%, and negative predictive value was 96.94%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.10 and 0.58, respectively. Several risk factors were found to be associated with a diagnosis of postdeployment PTSD: being a nurse, being enlisted in the medical service career field, being enlisted in the mental health service career field, those over age 30, being a member of the Active Duty service component, and having one’s first deployment be to Iraq. Being an officer was found to be a protective characteristic. These factors could potentially improve screening for PTSD among Air Force healthcare personnel. 相似文献