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971.
The plural pronouns they and them are used to refer to individuals with unknown gender and when a random allocation of gender is undesirable. Despite this apparently felicitous usage, “singular they/them” should raise processing problems under the theory that pronouns seek gender- and number-matched antecedents. Using eye-tracking, we investigated whether there was any processing cost associated with using singular they/them. There was a clear cost of number incompatibility for they/them. Thus, although singular they/them is in current usage, it does not appear that they/them is immediately tolerant of a plural antecedent, though such may be rapidly accommodated. The data are consistent with the search account of pronoun resolution and preserve the semantics of they/them as denoting plurality. 相似文献
972.
Lonigan CJ Anthony JL Phillips BM Purpura DJ Wilson SB McQueen JD 《Journal of educational psychology》2009,101(2):345-358
The development of reading-related phonological processing abilities (PPA) represents an important developmental milestone in the process of learning to read. In this cross-sectional study, confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the structure of PPA in 129 younger preschoolers (M = 40.88 months, SD = 4.65) and 304 older preschoolers (M = 56.49 months, SD = 5.31). A 2-factor model in which phonological awareness and phonological memory was represented by one factor and lexical access was represented by a second factor provided the best fit for both samples and was largely invariant across samples. Measures of vocabulary, cognitive abilities, and print knowledge were significantly correlated with both factors, but phonological awareness/memory had unique relations with word reading. Despite significant development of PPA across the preschool years and into kindergarten, these results show that the structure of these skills remains invariant. 相似文献
973.
Jubin Abutalebi Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa Marco Tettamanti David W. Green Stefano F. Cappa 《Brain and language》2009,109(2-3):141
In a world that is becoming more multilingual, bilingual aphasia is a clinical problem with a major clinical impact. However, at present we lack causal explanations of the many features of recovery patterns and there is no consensus about the language in which the patient should receive speech therapy. Further advance requires an understanding of the dynamics of recovery. In a novel longitudinal, single-case study, we combine fMRI and dynamic causal modeling to examine the effects of specific language treatment for picture naming on the representation and control of language areas during the course of recovery. Improved performance in the treated language was associated with increased activation in language areas. Consistent with theoretical expectations, causal modeling indicated increased connectedness of the control and language networks for the treated language. This functional approach holds great promise for investigating recovery patterns and the effects of specific language treatment in bilingual aphasic patients. 相似文献
974.
975.
Monkeys and pigeons learned a same/different task with pairs that were selected from a training set of eight picture stimuli.
They showed no novel-stimulus transfer and hence no abstract-concept learning. They were also tested with novel pairs of the
eight training pictures (i.e., combinations that had not been used in training) and with inverted pictures of the training
pairs. If the subjects had learned the task item-specifically (e.g., if—then or configural learning), they should have
failed these tests, but they performed well with novel combinations of training pictures and inverted pictures, suggesting
that they learned the task relationally (i.e., on the basis of the relationship between the two pictures that were presented
in each trial). This somewhat paradoxical conclusion of relational learning in the absence of abstract-concept learning is
contrary to most theories of abstract-concept learning. The implications of this conclusion are discussed in the context of
restricted-domain relational learning. 相似文献
976.
977.
978.
Kenneth J. Harris Ranida B. Harris Anthony R. Wheeler 《Journal of applied social psychology》2009,39(11):2669-2688
Perceptions of organizational politics (POPs) are ever present and have been shown to have many negative effects. This study investigated the influence of perceptions of politics on the consequences of turnover intentions and job frustration; 2 important outcomes in the organizational politics literature. Additionally, this study examined the role of supervisor communication as a moderator of these relationships. We investigated the relationships in a sample of 246 alumni from a midwestern university who were working in a wide range of occupations. Our results provide support for positive associations between POPs and intentions to turnover and job frustration; supervisor communication moderated these relationships. Managerial recommendations and suggestions for future research are offered. 相似文献
979.
Georg Kretschmar cited Theodore of Mopsuestia, Catechesis 16in support of his thesis that part of the eucharistic prayercould be recited silently by the end of the fourth century.This note points out that the use of the Syriac verb , to desistor to be silent, in this text does not supportKretschmar's interpretation. 相似文献
980.
Flashbulb memories are vivid and salient memories for the moment one hears about a surprising, emotional, and significant event. The current research examined flashbulb memories for a loved one's medical diagnosis, focusing on individual and situational factors associated with memory development and endurance over time. An online survey collected memory narratives and subjective ratings from 309 mothers who received a diagnosis of Down syndrome for their child. Time since diagnosis ranged from 1 month to 52 years. Using two independent measures, the Flashbulb Memory Checklist and the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire, we found that a majority of diagnosis memories qualified as flashbulb memories, even 20 years or more after the event. Importantly, support from the medical staff at diagnosis emerged as a critical variable related to flashbulb memory development and the persistence of these flashbulb memories over time. 相似文献