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131.
Subjects shot a light gun at a target with a photorecepter cell in the bull's-eye, with the only information regarding their accuracy being provided by reinforcing tone signals. Half the subjects received reinforcers contingent upon their hits. The others were yoked to the contingent subjects, receiving non-contingent reinforcers in the same patterns. Experiment 1 compared contingent or noncontingent positive or aversive reinforcers in their effect on subsequent anagrams performance. Phenomenal experiences, such as cognitive awareness, attributions, and moods, were assessed. Subjects exhibited a strong helplessness effect independent of their phenomenal experiences. In Experiment 2 the independent variables of contingent/noncontingent reinforcement and awareness of noncontingency were manipulated orthogonally by informing half the subjects that their reinforcement had been noncontingent in the target-shooting. Actual noncontingency produced a strong helplessness effect whereas “awareness of noncontingency” did not. 相似文献
132.
Curtis A. Becker 《Memory & cognition》1980,8(6):493-512
Using a procedure that isolates the facilitatory and interfering effects of a semantic context, the present study examines two distinct patterns of context effects. One pattern shows a dominance of facilitation for target words in a related context, and the other pattern shows a dominance of interference for target words in an unrelated context. The controlling factor seems to be the overall characteristics of the stimulus list. For materials that include semantic relationships that are consistent in the strength of the relationships, facilitation dominance obtains. For materials that include a wide range of semantic relationship strengths, interference dominance results. These two patterns of facilitation and interference are attributed to two semantic strategies available to subjects for using context information. The explication of the strategies includes a theoretical treatment of the present data. 相似文献
133.
A. D. Baddeley D. A. Booth Mark P. Haggard P. E. Bryant P. H. Venables Gerald H. Fisher J. Greene M. W. Richey N. S. Sutherland M. P. Haggard C. Fraser 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1971,23(3):346-357
Postman, L. And Keppel, G. (Eds.). Norms of Word Association. New York and London: Academic Press. 1970. Pp. vi+ 467. £12.00.
Wolstenholme, G. E. W. and Knight, J. (Eds.). Taste and Smell in Vertebrates. London: J. & A. Churchill. 1970. Pp. x + 402. £4.00.
Tobias, J. V. (Ed.). Foundations of Modern Auditory Theory, Vol. I. New York and London: Academic Press. 1970. Pp. xv + 466. £10.50.
Hexmelin, B. and O'connor, N. Psychological Experiments with Autistic Children. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1970. Pp. 142. £3.00.
Black, P. (Ed.). Physiological Correlates of Emotion. New York and London: Academic Press. 1970. Pp. xvi + 309. £6.30.
Baird, J. C. Psychophysical Analysis of Visual Space. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1970. Pp. viii + 321. £4.50.
Flores D'Arcais, G. B. and Levelt, W J. M. (Eds.). Advances in Psycholinguistics. Amsterdam and London: North Holland. 1970. Pp. x + 454. £8.40.
Dodwell, P. C. Visual Pattern Recognition. Holt, Rhinehart & Wilson. 1970. Pp. 276. $9.00.
Gladwin, Thomas. East is a Big Bird. Oxford: University Press. 1970. Pp. 241. £4.75.
GULICR, W. L. Hearing: Physiology and Phychophysics. New York: Oxford University Press. 1971. Pp. viii+257. £4.50.
Plomp, R. and Smoorenburg, G. F. (Eds.). Frequency Analysis and Periodicity Detection in Hearing. Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff. 1970. Pp. xvi+482.
Jaffe, Joseph and Feldstein, Stanley. Rhythms of Dialogue. New York: Academic Press. 1970. Pp. 156. £3.95 相似文献
Wolstenholme, G. E. W. and Knight, J. (Eds.). Taste and Smell in Vertebrates. London: J. & A. Churchill. 1970. Pp. x + 402. £4.00.
Tobias, J. V. (Ed.). Foundations of Modern Auditory Theory, Vol. I. New York and London: Academic Press. 1970. Pp. xv + 466. £10.50.
Hexmelin, B. and O'connor, N. Psychological Experiments with Autistic Children. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1970. Pp. 142. £3.00.
Black, P. (Ed.). Physiological Correlates of Emotion. New York and London: Academic Press. 1970. Pp. xvi + 309. £6.30.
Baird, J. C. Psychophysical Analysis of Visual Space. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 1970. Pp. viii + 321. £4.50.
Flores D'Arcais, G. B. and Levelt, W J. M. (Eds.). Advances in Psycholinguistics. Amsterdam and London: North Holland. 1970. Pp. x + 454. £8.40.
Dodwell, P. C. Visual Pattern Recognition. Holt, Rhinehart & Wilson. 1970. Pp. 276. $9.00.
Gladwin, Thomas. East is a Big Bird. Oxford: University Press. 1970. Pp. 241. £4.75.
GULICR, W. L. Hearing: Physiology and Phychophysics. New York: Oxford University Press. 1971. Pp. viii+257. £4.50.
Plomp, R. and Smoorenburg, G. F. (Eds.). Frequency Analysis and Periodicity Detection in Hearing. Leiden: A. W. Sijthoff. 1970. Pp. xvi+482.
Jaffe, Joseph and Feldstein, Stanley. Rhythms of Dialogue. New York: Academic Press. 1970. Pp. 156. £3.95 相似文献
134.
Compliance without pressure: the foot-in-the-door technique 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
135.
S J Rule D W Curtis 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》1985,11(4):509-516
When a subject evaluates the duration of two simultaneous events, the perceived durations are combined in a nonlinear manner, whereas comparable evaluations of successive events yield linear combinations. Fifty-four subjects rated average durations of pairs of time intervals ranging from 0.5 s to 10.0 s. The intervals making up a pair were presented successively and simultaneously on separate occasions within the same presentation sequence. The order of data was consistent with models previously proposed for perceived average duration. A nonmetric analysis of the combined ordinal data from both conditions yielded a single set of measures of perceived duration with ratio-scale properties. The common scale for the two conditions is consistent with differences in results from simultaneous and successive monitoring of time intervals, stemming from differences in the way duration information is combined rather than how it is perceived. the derived scale is related to physical time by a power function with a 1.06 exponent. 相似文献
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