自我描述的尝试

罗姆巴赫是在对胡塞尔和海德格尔现象学方法的批判基础上找到自身的道路,即“结构现象学”。“结构存在论”不再囿于仅仅讨论人的缘在,而是放眼一切生存形式,关注人、自然和世界的共创性;对“生成”和“过程”的重视,取代了旧哲学传统中对实体和体系的静态关注。他致力于“将发生现象学、历史思维和存在思维转变为一种包罗万象的结构发生”(B.Waldenfelds),并将兴趣延伸到艺术、人类学、宗教学和多元文化讨论等领域。由此衍生的基本哲学,境象哲学,密释学,结构人类学以及对话等概念成为其思想体系的主干。     

Combining linear-time temporal logic with constructiveness and paraconsistency

It is known that linear-time temporal logic (LTL), which is an extension of classical logic, is useful for expressing temporal reasoning as investigated in computer science. In this paper, two constructive and bounded versions of LTL, which are extensions of intuitionistic logic or Nelson's paraconsistent logic, are introduced as Gentzen-type sequent calculi. These logics, $\mathrm{IB}[l]$ and $\mathrm{PB}[l]$, are intended to provide a useful theoretical basis for representing not only temporal (linear-time), but also constructive, and paraconsistent (inconsistency-tolerant) reasoning. The time domain of the proposed logics is bounded by a fixed positive integer. Despite the restriction on the time domain, the logics can derive almost all the typical temporal axioms of LTL. As a merit of bounding time, faithful embeddings into intuitionistic logic and Nelson's paraconsistent logic are shown for $\mathrm{IB}[l]$ and $\mathrm{PB}[l]$, respectively. Completeness (with respect to Kripke semantics), cut–elimination, normalization (with respect to natural deduction), and decidability theorems for the newly defined logics are proved as the main results of this paper. Moreover, we present sound and complete display calculi for $\mathrm{IB}[l]$ and $\mathrm{PB}[l]$.In [P. Maier, Intuitionistic LTL and a new characterization of safety and liveness, in: Proceedings of Computer Science Logic 2004, in: Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3210, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004, pp. 295–309] it has been emphasized that intuitionistic linear-time logic (ILTL) admits an elegant characterization of safety and liveness properties. The system ILTL, however, has been presented only in an algebraic setting. The present paper is the first semantical and proof-theoretical study of bounded constructive linear-time temporal logics containing either intuitionistic or strong negation.     

“Nanostandardization” in Action: Implementing Standardization Processes in a Multidisciplinary Nanoparticle-Based Research and Development Project

Nanomaterials have attracted much interest in the medical field and related applications as their distinct properties in the nanorange enable new and improved diagnosis and therapies. Owing to these properties and their potential interactions with the human body and the environment, the impact of nanomaterials on humans and their potential toxicity have been regarded a very significant issue. Consequently, nanomaterials are the subject of a wide range of cutting-edge research efforts in the medical and related fields to thoroughly probe their potential beneficial utilizations and their more negative effects. We posit that the lack of standardization in the field is a serious shortcoming as it has led to the establishment of methods and results that do not ensure sufficient consistency and thus in our view can possibly result in research outputs that are not as robust as they should be. The main aim of this article is to present how NanoDiaRA, a large FP7 European multidisciplinary project that seeks to investigate and develop nanotechnology-based diagnostic systems, has developed and implemented robust, standardized methods to support research practices involving the engineering and manipulation of nanomaterials. First, to contextualize this research, an overview of the measures defined by different regulatory bodies concerning nanosafety is presented. Although these authorities have been very active in the past several years, many questions remain unanswered in our view. Second, a number of national and international projects that attempted to ensure more reliable exchanges of methods and results are discussed. However, the frequent lack of publication of procedures and protocols in research can often be a hindrance for sharing those good practices. Subsequently, the efforts made through NanoDiaRA to introduce standardized methods and techniques to support the development and utilization of nanomaterials are discussed in depth. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with the partners of this project, and the interviews were analyzed thematically to highlight the determined efforts of the researchers to standardize their methods. Finally, some recommendations are made toward the setting up of well-defined methods to support the high-quality work of collaborative nanoparticle-based research and development projects and to enhance standardization processes.     

Visual timing abilities of a harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) and a South African fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) for sub- and supra-second time intervals

Animal Cognition - Timing is an essential parameter influencing many behaviours. A previous study demonstrated a high sensitivity of a phocid, the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), in discriminating...     

Effects of reward magnitude and training frequency on the learning rates and memory retention of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni

Animal Cognition - The development of adaptive responses to novel situations via learning has been demonstrated in a wide variety of animal taxa. However, knowledge on the learning abilities of one...     

The cycle of violence as a function of PTSD and appetitive aggression: A longitudinal study with Burundian soldiers

During deployment, soldiers face situations in which they are not only exposed to violence but also have to perpetrate it themselves. This study investigates the role of soldiers' levels of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and appetitive aggression, that is, a lust for violence, for their engaging in violence during deployment. Furthermore, factors during deployment influencing the level of PTSD symptoms and appetitive aggression after deployment were examined for a better comprehension of the maintenance of violence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 468 Burundian soldiers before and after a 1-year deployment to Somalia. To predict violent acts during deployment (perideployment) as well as appetitive aggression and PTSD symptom severity after deployment (postdeployment), structural equation modeling was utilized. Results showed that the number of violent acts perideployment was predicted by the level of appetitive aggression and by the severity of PTSD hyperarousal symptoms predeployment. In addition to its association with the predeployment level, appetitive aggression postdeployment was predicted by violent acts and trauma exposure perideployment as well as positively associated with unit support. PTSD symptom severity postdeployment was predicted by the severity of PTSD avoidance symptoms predeployment and trauma exposure perideployment, and negatively associated with unit support. This prospective study reveals the importance of appetitive aggression and PTSD hyperarousal symptoms for the engagement in violent acts during deployment, while simultaneously demonstrating how these phenomena may develop in mutually reinforcing cycles in a war setting.     

Investigating the Relationships Between Mobility Behaviours and Indicators of Subjective Well-Being Using Smartphone-Based Experience Sampling and GPS Tracking

People interact with their physical environments every day by visiting different places and moving between them. Such mobility behaviours likely influence and are influenced by people's subjective well-being. However, past research examining the links between mobility behaviours and well-being has been inconclusive. Here, we provide a comprehensive investigation of these relationships by examining individual differences in two types of mobility behaviours (movement patterns and places visited) and their relationship to six indicators of subjective well-being (depression, loneliness, anxiety, stress, affect, and energy) at two different temporal levels of analysis (two-week tendencies and daily level). Using data from a large smartphone-based longitudinal study (N = 1765), we show that (i) movement patterns assessed via GPS data (distance travelled, entropy, and irregularity) and (ii) places visited assessed via experience sampling reports (home, work, and social places) are associated with subjective well-being at the between and within person levels. Our findings suggest that distance travelled is related to anxiety, affect, and stress, irregularity is related to depression and loneliness, and spending time in social places is negatively associated with loneliness. We discuss the implications of our work and highlight directions for future research on the generalizability to other populations as well as the characteristics of places. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology