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371.
372.
PD Dr. med. Dipl.-Psych. Klaus-Thomas Kronmüller Annette Stefini Annette Geiser-Elze Hildegard Horn Mechtild Hartmann Klaus Winkelmann 《Psychotherapeut》2009,54(1):44-51
Background
Even though it is a treatment standard of child psychotherapy to involve the parents, hardly any research has been carried out about the impact of family functioning on treatment outcome. Aims of the present study were to investigate the change in and the prognostic power of family functioning on treatment outcome of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy in children and adolescents.Patients and methods
The sample consisted of 54 children and adolescents undergoing outpatient short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy. To assess family functioning, their parents were asked to complete the Family Assessment Measure (FAM).Results
Patients from families with high levels of functioning in task accomplishment, communication and affective expression were more often treated successfully. Improvement in levels of functioning in role performance, emotionality and control were only found in the group of successfully treated patients.Conclusion
Family functioning is a decisive factor in the differential indication of psychotherapeutic treatment in children and adolescents. 相似文献373.
Scientific journals can promote ethical publication practices through policies on conflicts of interest. However, the prevalence
of conflict of interest policies and the definition of conflict of interest appear to vary across scientific disciplines.
This survey of high-impact, peer-reviewed journals in 12 different scientific disciplines was conducted to assess these variations.
The survey identified published conflict of interest policies in 28 of 84 journals (33%). However, when representatives of
49 of the 84 journals (58%) completed a Web-based survey about journal conflict of interest policies, 39 (80%) reported having
such a policy. Frequency of policies (including those not published) varied by discipline, from 100% among general medical
journals to none among physics journals. Financial interests were most frequently addressed with relation to authors; policies
for reviewers most often addressed non-financial conflicts. Twenty-two of the 39 journals with policies (56%) had policies
about editors’ conflicts. The highest impact journals in each category were most likely to have a published policy, and the
frequency of policies fell linearly with rank; for example, policies were published by 58% of journals ranked 1 in their category,
42% of journals ranked third, and 8% of journals ranked seventh (test for trend, p = 0.003). Having a conflict of interest policy was also associated with a self-reported history of problems with conflict
of interest. The prevalence of published conflict of interest policies was higher than that reported in a 1997 study, an increase
that might be attributable to heightened awareness of conflict of interest issues. However, many of the journals with policies
do not make them readily available and many of those policies that were available lacked clear definitions of conflict of
interest or details about how disclosures would be managed during peer review and publication. 相似文献
374.
Karmiloff-Smith A 《Developmental science》2007,10(1):84-88
It is becoming increasingly clear that little in development is predetermined or permanently fixed. Rather, gene expression is activity dependent, and epigenesis is probabilistic. So, the study of genetic disorders needs to change from the still widely held view that developmental disorders can be accounted for in terms of intact versus impaired modules, to one which takes serious account of the fact that the infant cortex passes from an initial state of high regional interconnectivity to a subsequent state of increasing specialization and localization of function. With such early interconnectivity in mind, developmental neuroscientists must consider the possibility that an early deficit in one part of the brain may have subtle effects on other parts of the developing brain, even when scores fall 'in the normal range'. In studying developmental disorders, it is thus crucial to examine not only domains of clear-cut deficit, but also domains of behavioural proficiency. Atypical epigenesis may often involve a lack of specialization and localization of brain function over developmental time, even in cases of behavioural proficiency. 相似文献
375.
Acute nicotine reinforcement, but not chronic tolerance, predicts withdrawal and relapse after quitting smoking. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Kenneth A Perkins Michelle Broge Debra Gerlach Mark Sanders James E Grobe Christine Cherry Annette S Wilson 《Health psychology》2002,21(4):332-339
Little research has examined the association of tobacco dependence with nicotine tolerance or reinforcement in a clinical sample. Smokers preparing to quit smoking participated in laboratory sessions to assess nicotine tolerance on subjective, cardiovascular, and performance measures and to assess nicotine reinforcement using a choice procedure. Participants were then provided with individual counseling (but no medication), made a quit attempt, and were followed for 1 year to determine clinical outcome, as determined by postquit withdrawal and days to relapse. Nicotine tolerance was unrelated to either withdrawal or relapse. However, acute nicotine reinforcement was significantly related to both greater withdrawal and faster relapse. Results challenge the common assumption that nicotine tolerance is closely related to dependence but suggest that nicotine reinforcement may have theoretical and clinical significance for dependence. 相似文献
376.
377.
Annette Hilt 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2014,9(2):333-338
How do we read Levinas? What does it mean to us to read Levinas? Will Buckingham--novelist and lecturer at De Montfort University, Leicester--starts by telling us his own story of encountering Levinas. Having been awarded British Academy funding to undertake research in China for his novel A Book of Changes that explores the Chinese classic of Yijing (易经) as a "literature machine," Buckingham draws from a broad understanding of narratives and storytelling. 相似文献
378.
Julia Sander Florian Schmiedek Annette Brose Gert G. Wagner Jule Specht 《Journal of personality》2017,85(4):454-463
Previous research found that cognitive training increases the Big Five personality trait Openness to Experience during and some weeks after the intervention. The present study investigated whether long‐term changes happen in Openness to Experience and other personality traits after an extensive cognitive training of memory and perceptual speed. The intervention group consisted of 204 adults (20–31 years and 65–80 years; 50% female) who received daily 1‐hour cognitive training sessions for about 100 days. The control group consisted of 86 adults (21–29 years and 65–82 years; 51% female) who received no cognitive training. All participants answered the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory before and 2 years after the cognitive training. Latent change models were applied that controlled for age group (young vs. old) and gender. In the long run, the cognitive training did not affect changes in any facet of Openness to Experience. This was true for young and old participants as well as for men and women. Instead, the cognitive training lowered the general increase of Conscientiousness. Even an extensive cognitive training on memory and perceptual speed does not serve as a sufficient intervention for enduring changes in Openness to Experiences or one of its facets. 相似文献
379.
380.
Hallie R. Brown Shayl F. Griffith David H. Arnold Richard P. Halgin 《Ethics & behavior》2017,27(8):651-664
In accordance with ethical principles and standards, researchers conducting studies with children are expected to seek assent and respect their dissent from participation. Little attention has been given to assent and dissent in research with toddlers, who have limited cognitive and emotional capabilities. We discuss research with toddlers in the context of assent and dissent and propose guidelines to ensure that research with toddlers still adheres to ethical principles. These guidelines include designing engaging studies, monitoring refusal and distress, and partnering with parents. Research with toddlers requires flexibility and creativity to respect toddlers in the context of their developmental capabilities. 相似文献