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241.
Russell Lang Mark O'Reilly Jeff Sigafoos Giulio E Lancioni Wendy Machalicek Mandy Rispoli Pamela White Jennifer Zarcone 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(4):889-894
An alternating treatments design compared one condition in which a child with autism was allowed to engage in stereotypy freely prior to the intervention (abolishing operation component) to a second condition without the free‐access period. Levels of stereotypy and problem behavior were lower and levels of functional play were higher in the condition with the abolishing operation component. These data provide preliminary support for the use of abolishing operations in interventions to increase the play skills of children with autism. 相似文献
242.
We model the forgetting of propositional variables in a modal logical context where agents become ignorant and are aware of
each others’ or their own resulting ignorance. The resulting logic is sound and complete. It can be compared to variable-forgetting
as abstraction from information, wherein agents become unaware of certain variables: by employing elementary results for bisimulation,
it follows that beliefs not involving the forgotten atom(s) remain true.
The work for this publication was mainly carried out while Hans van Ditmarsch was associated to: Institut de Recherche en
Informatique, Université Paul Sabatier, France. 相似文献
243.
We used affective modulation of the eye-blink component of the startle reflex to examine effects of three levels of alcohol intoxication and a no-intoxication control on emotional responses to pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures. Non-problematic student drinkers (n=101; 48 female) were randomly assigned to intoxication groups. Normal inhibition of startle during exposure to pleasant pictures was intact across groups. In contrast, potentiation of startle during viewing of unpleasant pictures was evident in the no- and low-intoxication groups, compared to the intermediate- and high-intoxication groups, in which it was significantly reduced. This pattern suggests that a direct and selective anxiolytic effect of alcohol can occur at higher levels of intoxication without an analogous impact on response to emotionally positive stimuli at similar levels. 相似文献
244.
Keil A Bradley MM Junghöfer M Russmann T Lowenthal W Lang PJ 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2007,7(1):18-24
The P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) to an acoustic startle probe is modulated during picture viewing, with
reduced P3 amplitude when participants view either pleasant or unpleasant, as opposed to neutral, pictures. We have interpreted
this as reflecting capture of attentional resources by affective pictures, with fewer resources available for processing the
secondary startle probe. In the present study, we tested this resource allocation hypothesis by presenting either pictures
or sounds as foreground stimuli, with the prediction that P3 amplitude in response to secondary startle probes would be reduced
for affectively engaging foregrounds regardless of modality. Using dense-array electroencephalography and a source estimation
procedure, we observed that P3 amplitude was indeed smaller when startle probes were presented during emotional, as opposed
to neutral, stimuli for both sound and picture foregrounds. Source modeling indicated a common frontocentral maximum of P3
modulation by affect. The data support the notion that emotionally arousing stimuli transmodally attract resources, leading
to optimized processing of the affective stimuli at the cost of the processing of concurrent stimuli. 相似文献
245.
客体运动方向的视觉工作记忆存储方式 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用变化觉察范式,以独立运动的客体为对象,通过两个实验,探讨多个客体的运动方向在视觉工作记忆中的存储机制,即单个对象独立存储,抑或其存储受多个客体构型的影响。实验一和实验二相继考察了非目标客体运动方向变化,以及是否存在非目标客体对觉察目标客体运动方向的影响。结果发现,非目标客体运动方向变化条件下的觉察正确率显著低于不变的条件,然而只呈现目标客体条件下的觉察正确率与同时呈现目标和非目标条件无显著差异。该结果与前人在静态条件下对目标客体的觉察受目标客体和非目标客体整体构型影响的结论不一致。本研究的结果支持多个客体的运动方向信息在工作记忆中是以独立方式存储的假设。 相似文献
246.
因子分析元分析(meta-analysis of factor analyses, MAFA)整合了因子分析和元分析两种方法学传统。开展MAFA方法学研究可结束过去几十年MAFA研究缺乏根据的状况, 服务心理学等领域内的知识生产。三阶段整合模型认为MAFA包括数据准备、数据合成和数据分析三个主要阶段。模型及数据合成技术的有效性将用心理测量学方法, 包括蒙特卡洛模拟研究进行检验。研究结果将阐明正确运用MAFA的一般规则、操作步骤和注意事项, 进而增进我们对MAFA的认识, 丰富应用心理等领域的方法学体系, 为MAFA方法的推广应用奠定基础。 相似文献
247.
Mejlgaard Niels Christensen Malene Vinther Strand Roger Buljan Ivan Carrió Mar Cayetano i Giralt Marta Griessler Erich Lang Alexander Marušić Ana Revuelta Gema Rodríguez Gemma Saladié Núria Wuketich Milena 《Science and engineering ethics》2019,25(2):597-615
Science and Engineering Ethics - Across the European research area and beyond, efforts are being mobilized to align research and innovation processes and products with societal values and needs,... 相似文献
248.
对制度公平性的感知会影响人们对制度的信任,如果人们相信考试制度是公平的,每个人在这样的制度安排下拥有平等的机会,是否会愿意将更多的时间和精力投入到学习中呢?研究1通过启动119名和112名本科三年级学生对考研制度的信任与不信任,考察其对学业投入意向的影响,结果发现相比在考研制度不信任条件下,信任条件下个体的学业投入意向更高.研究2通过启动被试对一般考试制度的信任与不信任,考察其对学业投入意向的影响,结果表明即使不是和个体直接相关的某项具体考试制度,仅仅是对一般考试制度的信任也能有效影响个体学业投入意向. 相似文献
249.
Kent D. Harber Michal Einev‐Cohen Fran Lang 《European journal of social psychology》2008,38(2):296-314
Two studies tested whether psychosocial resources affect perception of another's distress. Participants' had their resources depleted, left unchanged, or boosted by elaborately recalling either someone who had betrayed them, a neutral person, or a close and trusted other, respectively. Participants then listened to disturbing baby cries, and rated how much distress the cries conveyed. As predicted, participants who recalled a betrayal subsequently heard the cries as conveying more distress than did other participants (Study 1). However, recalling a betrayal did not amplify cry ratings if, prior to cry rating, betrayal‐related thoughts and feelings were disclosed (Study 2). The moderating effect of disclosure on cry ratings indicates that boosting resources (disclosure) can counteract the effects of resource depletion (betrayal). Results in both studies remained significant even after controlling for mood. This research is the first to show that social contexts, and emotional disclosure, each affects perception of others' distress. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
250.
Lay See Yeo Rebecca P. Ang Wan Har Chong Vivien S. Huan Choon Lang Quek 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2008,27(3):192-204
This paper focused on the efficacy of Singapore teachers who teach low achieving adolescent students. Three dimensions of
self-reported teacher efficacy—instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement—were examined in relation
to teacher attributes and the teacher–student relationship. Data were obtained from the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale Tschannen-Moran
and Woolfolk Hoy (Teaching and Teacher Education 17:783–805, 2001) and the Teacher–Student Relationship Scale Ang (The Journal of Experimental Education 74:55–73, 2005). Significant differences between novice teachers and experienced teachers emerged in teacher efficacy beliefs in relation
to instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement. Conflict in teacher–student relationship was found
to predict teacher efficacy for teachers of low achieving students. Implications for teachers’ professional development were
discussed. 相似文献