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291.
Giorgio Grossi Anna Åhs Ulf Lundberg 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(3):249-263
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between psychological factors and salivary cortisol secretion
(baseline level, reactivity to laboratory stressors) in a sample of 59 long-term unemployed men and women (mean age 42±10
years). Subjects were divided into four groups according to their basal levels of salivary cortisol as well as their reactivity
to experimental stress (stress level minus baseline): (1) low base/low reactivity; (2) high base/low reactivity; (3) low base/high
reactivity; and (4) high base/high reactivity. The low base/low reactivity group was characterized by significantly higher
somatic anxiety, muscular tension, irritability, and depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory) and lower perceived control
(mastery) than the other groups. The low base/high reactivity group was also characterized by depression and low perceived
control. The high base/low reactivity group was higher in terms of monotony avoidance, Type-A behavior (JAS) and mastery,
but lower in depression. The results indicate that (1) individuals with personality traits reflecting emotional distress are
more vulnerable to exhaustion of the HPA-axis following long-term unemployment and (2) monotony avoidance and Type-A behavior,
at least temporarily, seem to exert a beneficial influence on mental well-being among long-term unemployed individuals. 相似文献
292.
Andy O. J. Giurintano L. Giukintano S. McDonald T. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1975,10(2):85-101
Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science - This experiment extends Pavlov’s method of contrasts for 8 components of aggression were quantitatively evaluated in 11 freely moving adult... 相似文献
293.
294.
M McDonald 《The Psychoanalytic quarterly》1971,40(4):618-645
295.
Adolescent reading skill and engagement with digital and traditional literacies as predictors of reading comprehension
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![点击此处可从《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Lynne G. Duncan Sarah P. McGeown Yvonne M. Griffiths Susan E. Stothard Anna Dobai 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):209-238
This study investigates the concurrent predictors of adolescent reading comprehension (literal, inferential) for fiction and non‐fiction texts. Predictors were examined from the cognitive (word identification, reading fluency), psychological (gender), and ecological (print exposure) domains. Print exposure to traditional and digital texts was surveyed using a diary method of reading habits. A cross‐sectional sample of 312 students in early (11–13 years) or middle adolescence (14–15 years) participated from a range of SES backgrounds. Word identification emerged as a strong predictor of reading comprehension across adolescence and text genres. Gender effects favouring female students were evident for reading frequency but not for reading skill itself. Reading habits also differed, and comprehension advantages were observed among females for fiction and males for non‐fiction. Age effects emerged for reading frequency, which was lower in middle adolescence. Although more time was spent on digital than on traditional texts, traditional extended text reading was the only reading habit to predict inference‐making in comprehension and to distinguish skilled from less skilled comprehenders. The theoretical and educational implications of these results are discussed. 相似文献
296.
Mothers', fathers' and children's perceptions of parents' expectations about children's family obligations in nine countries
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![点击此处可从《International journal of psychology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Jennifer E. Lansford Jennifer Godwin Liane Peña Alampay Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado Arnaldo Zelli Suha M. Al‐Hassan Dario Bacchini Anna Silvia Bombi Marc H. Bornstein Lei Chang Kirby Deater‐Deckard Laura Di Giunta Kenneth A. Dodge Patrick S. Malone Paul Oburu Concetta Pastorelli Ann T. Skinner Emma Sorbring Sombat Tapanya 《International journal of psychology》2016,51(5):366-374
Children's family obligations involve assistance and respect that children are expected to provide to immediate and extended family members and reflect beliefs related to family life that may differ across cultural groups. Mothers, fathers and children (N = 1432 families) in 13 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Philippines, Sweden, Thailand and United States) reported on their expectations regarding children's family obligations and parenting attitudes and behaviours. Within families, mothers and fathers had more concordant expectations regarding children's family obligations than did parents and children. Parenting behaviours that were warmer, less neglectful and more controlling as well as parenting attitudes that were more authoritarian were related to higher expectations regarding children's family obligations between families within cultures as well as between cultures. These international findings advance understanding of children's family obligations by contextualising them both within families and across a number of diverse cultural groups in 9 countries. 相似文献
297.
Giselle Pianowski Anna Elisa de Villemor-Amaral 《Journal of personality assessment》2016,98(4):398-407
Exner (1989) and Weiner (2003) identified 3 types of Rorschach codes that are most likely to contain personally relevant projective material: Distortions, Movement, and Embellishments. We examine how often these types of codes occur in normative data and whether their frequency changes for the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, or last response to a card. We also examine the impact on these variables of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System's (R–PAS) statistical modeling procedures that convert the distribution of responses (R) from Comprehensive System (CS) administered protocols to match the distribution of R found in protocols obtained using R-optimized administration guidelines. In 2 normative reference databases, the results indicated that about 40% of responses (M = 39.25) have 1 type of code, 15% have 2 types, and 1.5% have all 3 types, with frequencies not changing by response number. In addition, there were no mean differences in the original CS and R-optimized modeled records (M Cohen's d = –0.04 in both databases). When considered alongside findings showing minimal differences between the protocols of people randomly assigned to CS or R-optimized administration, the data suggest R-optimized administration should not alter the extent to which potential projective material is present in a Rorschach protocol. 相似文献
298.
Giselle Pianowski Anna Elisa de Villemor-Amaral 《Journal of personality assessment》2016,98(4):408-418
To generate normative reference data for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R–PAS), modeling procedures were developed to convert the distribution of responses (R) in protocols obtained using Comprehensive System (CS; Exner 2003) administration guidelines to match the distribution of R in protocols obtained using R-Optimized Administration (Meyer, Viglione, Mihura, Erard, &; Erdberg, 2011). This study replicates the R–PAS study, examining the impact of modeling R-Optimized Administration on Brazilian normative reference values by comparing a sample of 746 CS administered protocols to its counterpart sample of 343 records modeled to match R-Optimized Administration. The results were strongly consistent with the R–PAS findings, showing the modeled records had a slightly higher mean R and, secondarily, slightly higher means for Complexity and V-Comp, as well as smaller standard deviations for R, Complexity, and R8910%. We also observed 5 other small differences not observed in the R–PAS study. However, when comparing effect sizes for the differences in means and standard deviations observed in this study to the differences found in the R–PAS study, the results were virtually identical. These findings suggest that using R-Optimized Administration in Brazil might produce normative results that are similar to traditional CS norms for Brazil and similar to the international norms used in R–PAS. 相似文献
299.
300.
Kai Kaspar Anna Jurisch Maren Schneider 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2016,35(3):377-385
Research in the field of embodied cognition has shown that incidental weight sensations influence people’s evaluation of different issues. The present study expands the scope of weight-related embodiment research and investigates whether experienced funniness of cartoons is affected by haptic sensorimotor experiences. We found an interaction between gender and weight sensations (light versus heavy clipboard) on the experienced funniness of nonsense cartoons. The experienced funniness in male recipients was enhanced by heaviness, but this effect was reversed in the group of females. The effect was also present when inferring the funniness experience of other recipients. Moreover, the participants’ general mood was worsened by heaviness. Weight did not affect the extent to which serious social issues are considered with humor, but men showed a stronger tendency to do so. Overall, the results expand the current scope in embodiment research, highlight the necessity to consider inter-individual differences in this field and introduce new aspects to humor research. 相似文献