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851.
Mark A. Barnett Guy D. Vitaglione Jeffrey S. Bartel Birgit S. Valdez Lee Ann Steadman Kemberly K. G. Harper 《Current Psychology》1998,17(2-3):170-187
Two studies were conducted to assess the relationship between an individual's self-described motivation for being a help-provider
(i.e., a lawyer in Study 1 and a physi-cian in Study 2) and college undergraduates' perceptions of, and desire to seek assis-tance
from, that help-provider. The major findings were incongruent with the notion inferred from the helping literature that altruistically
motivated help-providers would be consistently evaluated more favorably than, and preferred over, egoistically moti-vated
help-providers. Specifically, whereas the other-oriented help-providers were rated as more likable, honest, and less devious
than the self-oriented help-providers, the self-oriented help-providers were rated as more ambitious, competent, and as earning
more money than the other-oriented help-providers. Moreover, although the participants' “desire to hire” a particular help-provider
was found to be associated with: (1) their perceptions of the help-provider's characteristics (Studies 1 and 2), (2) their
own self-reported characteristics (Study 1), and (3) their anticipated affective state prior to seeking assistance (Studies
1 and 2), no clear relation was found in either study between the help-provider's motivation and the participants' desire
to seek assistance from that help-provider. In contrast to the ambivalence demonstrated in response to the altruistically
and egoistically motivated professional help-providers in Studies 1 and 2, participants in a preliminary study of perceptions
of “everyday” helpers demonstrated a clear preference for altruistically motivated assistance (al-though these participants'
evaluations were found to be influenced by the closeness of the relationship between the helper and recipient, the type of
help provided, the participants' gender, and the gender of the helper-recipient dyad). Considered to-gether, the pattern of
results suggests the broad range of situational and individual difference variables that may affect perceptions of, and reactions
to, self-oriented and other-oriented help-providers. 相似文献
852.
Ann-Louise S. Silver 《American journal of psychoanalysis》1996,56(1):3-16
Summary This essay reviews aspects of historical and cultural changes that now permit women increasing opportunities to lead both
women and men. Women assuming leadership responsibilities undergo psychic reorganization, reworking their personal histories
and their modes of interaction. The author challenges women who inhibit their leadership potential to scrutinize their attitudes
and to consider the implications for the next generation of women.
Presented at the American Academy of Psychoanalysis Seminar Series: Clinical Advances in Dynamic Psychotherapy, October 30,
1994, New York University Medical Center
Chestnut Lodge Hospital in Rockville, MD. She teaches at the Washington Psychoanalytic Institute, Walter Reed Army Hospital,
the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences and the Washington School of Psychiatry. She coordinates a Washington
School of Psychiatry study group with Maurine Kelly, Ph.D., and Tybe Diamond, LCSW, “Women’s Contributions to Psychoanalysis,”
where many of the ideas in this paper were discussed. 相似文献
853.
Ann Colley Deborah Griffiths Michelle Hugh Kirsten Landers Nicole Jaggli 《Sex roles》1996,35(3-4):233-245
Childhood play and adolescent leisure preferences were solicited from a sample of 168 predominately white undergraduate students, who also completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974) and provided ratings of the amount of time spent in play and leisure with same- and opposite-sex siblings. Higher Femininity (F) scores were found among those females who gave higher ratings of interaction with female siblings. The BSRI measures were also predicted by play and leisure preferences for strongly gender-stereotyped activities. Amount of interaction with same- and opposite-sex siblings was associated with activity preferences for both sexes. There was evidence of more sex-stereotyped preferences being given by those with same sex siblings and fewer by those with opposite sex siblings. The results are discussed in terms of the possible influences of siblings upon play and leisure preferences and the differing developmental pathways of male and female sex roles. 相似文献
854.
855.
Genetic counseling for the next 25 years: Models for the future 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Currently, two trends pose particular challenges for genetic counseling: (1) spin offs from the Human Genome Project leading to new diagnostic genetic tests far in advance of any cures; and (2) an increasing and diversified client population. These trends will lead to changes in both genetic service delivery systems and the development of alternative models of the genetic counseling process itself. Two models that could be adapted for genetic counseling are: the mutual participation model and the life history narrative model. Technological advances present ethical dilemmas and raise many questions. Already, improved detection of genes for predisposing conditions has entered clinical medicine requiring renewed ethical appraisals of genetic testing. Integration of genetic counseling (and required pre-screening education) into primary care settings involves time constraints and the involvement of health care personnel with less training in genetics. Alternative approaches are beginning to be discussed. Innovative genetic counselors with expanded visions of counseling goals and practices will play an increasingly important role in the future of genetic counseling. 相似文献
856.
857.
Ronna Casar Harris MPH Mary Amanda Dew Ph.D. Ann Lee RN CRNA Michael Amaya RN Laurie Buches RN Deborah Reetz RN Greta Coleman MSW LSW 《Journal of religion and health》1995,34(1):17-32
While religion has long been recognized clinically to provide important coping strategies in the face of serious health problems, there has been little systematic consideration of its role in organ transplant recipients' long-term reactions and adjustment to this experience. This study examines these issues through qualitative and quantitative evaluation of longitudinal data collected from 40 adult heart recipients followed during their first year post-transplant. Large proportions of recipients expressed strong beliefs and were able to increase religious participation over the 12-month study period. They delineated specific ways in which their faith had provided them support, as well as ways in which the transplant experience itself further strengthened their beliefs. We found empirical evidence that recipients with strong beliefs who participated in religious activities had better physical and emotional well-being, fewer health worries, and better medical compliance by the final 12-month assessment. The findings suggest the development of specific nursing, social-service, or pastoral-involvement strategies, continuing staff education about the role of religion in patient care. The implications of such interventions for maximizing quality of life in transplant recipients are discussed.This study was funded by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health. 相似文献
858.
Phillip J. Belfiore Christopher H. Skinner Mary Ann Ferkis 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1995,28(3):347-348
Alternating treatments designs were used to compare the effects of trial repetition (one response within five trials per word) versus response repetition (five response repetitions within one trial per word) on sight-word acquisition for 3 elementary students diagnosed with specific learning disabilities in reading. Although both interventions occasioned the same number of accurate responses per word during training, the trial-repetition condition, which involved complete antecedent-response-feedback sequences, resulted in more words mastered for all 3 students. 相似文献
859.
Ann B. Shuttleworth-Jordan 《Group》1995,19(1):19-30
This paper describes the development of a procedure for group work that is purely oriented toward the interpretation of dreams. Whereas other group dream work methods have tended to be unsystematic or atheoretical, the present method is operationalized in clearly defined steps and is derived from the analytical psychology of Jung. In an ongoing research process, procedural refinements have been indicated, and a step that focuses on the affective component of the dream has been incorporated. The therapeutic advantages of the new additions to the method are described. Generally the research indicates that the method is therapeutically beneficial and is not prone to deleterious effects. This paper demonstrates the value of a process research approach to the development of method in group dream work.A version of this paper was presented at the 25th International Congress of Psychology, Brussels, July 1992. Preparation of this article was assisted by a Rhodes University research grant. 相似文献
860.
Ann Bristow-Braitman 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1995,73(4):414-418
This article provides the helping professional with an overview of treatment issues referred to as spiritual by those recovering from alcohol and drug addictions through 12-step programs like that of Alcoholics Anonymous. Conflicts between academically trained helping professionals and researchers, and those advocating spiritually oriented treatment programs are reviewed. Spiritual aspects of recovery may be foreign constructs for the academically trained helping professional. The goal of this article is to discuss these spiritual constructs in terms of cognitive-behavioral psychology, a knowledge base common to most professionally trained helpers. 相似文献