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211.
Michael R. Cunningham Stephen R. Shamblen Anita P. Barbee Lara K. Ault 《Personal Relationships》2005,12(2):273-295
A social allergy is a reaction of hypersensitive annoyance or disgust to a repeated behavior. Two studies were conducted on the social allergen categories of uncouth habits, inconsiderate acts, intrusive behaviors, and norm violations. Study 1 focused on hypothetical male and female partner behaviors at 2 and 12 months in a dating relationship. Study 2 obtained reports of social allergens performed by the individual and partner in dating couples, as well as the individual's emotional responses and relationship outcomes. Social allergens were perceived to increase in frequency over time in both studies, with some indications that men were more uncouth and norm violating and women were more inconsiderate and intrusive. Study 2 also found that the more often that the partner performed an allergenic behavior, the stronger was the individual's negative emotional reaction. Further, frequent and emotionally intense social allergens were associated with relationship dissatisfaction, and with termination assessed a year later. 相似文献
212.
As a U.S. civil rights policy, affirmative action commonly denotes race-conscious and result-oriented efforts by private and
public officials to correct the unequal distribution of economic opportunity and education attributed to slavery, segregation,
poverty and racism. Opponents argue that affirmative action (1) violates ideals of color-blind public policies, offending
moral principles of fairness and constitutional principles of equality and due process; (2) has proven to be socially and
politically divisive; (3) has not made things better; (4) mainly benefits middle-class, wealthy and foreign-born blacks; (4)
stigmatizes its beneficiaries; and (5) compromises the self-esteem and self-respect of beneficiaries who know that they have
been awarded preferential treatment. By way of a thought experiment, imagine that after decades of public policy and experimentation,
the United States public finally came to agree: affirmative action is morally and legally wrong. Employing such a thought
experiment, this essay by a beneficiary of affirmative action—written in response to James Sterba’s Affirmative Action for the Future (2009)—examines duties of moral repair and the possibility that the past beneficiaries of affirmative action owe apologies,
compensation or some other highly personal form of corrective accountability. Beneficiaries of affirmative action have experienced
woundedness and moral insecurity. Indeed, the practice of affirmative action comes with a psychology, a set of psychological
benefits and burdens whose moral logic those of us who believe in our own fallibility—as much as we believe in the justice
of what we have received and conferred on others—should address. 相似文献
213.
214.
Wolf E Mehling Judith Wrubel Jennifer J Daubenmier Cynthia J Price Catherine E Kerr Theresa Silow Viranjini Gopisetty Anita L Stewart 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2011,6(1):6
Enhancing body awareness has been described as a key element or a mechanism of action for therapeutic approaches often categorized
as mind-body approaches, such as yoga, TaiChi, Body-Oriented Psychotherapy, Body Awareness Therapy, mindfulness based therapies/meditation,
Feldenkrais, Alexander Method, Breath Therapy and others with reported benefits for a variety of health conditions. To better
understand the conceptualization of body awareness in mind-body therapies, leading practitioners and teaching faculty of these
approaches were invited as well as their patients to participate in focus groups. The qualitative analysis of these focus
groups with representative practitioners of body awareness practices, and the perspectives of their patients, elucidated the
common ground of their understanding of body awareness. For them body awareness is an inseparable aspect of embodied self
awareness realized in action and interaction with the environment and world. It is the awareness of embodiment as an innate
tendency of our organism for emergent self-organization and wholeness. The process that patients undergo in these therapies
was seen as a progression towards greater unity between body and self, very similar to the conceptualization of embodiment
as dialectic of body and self described by some philosophers as being experienced in distinct developmental levels. 相似文献
215.
This study examined the role of adult attachment and personality in relation to antisocial tendencies (i.e. convictions for violence and interpersonal problems in romantic relationships) in Norwegian prison inmates (N=92). Attachment styles and personality were measured using self-report questionnaires (RSQ; Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994; and NEO-FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1992a). The prison inmates scored higher on avoidant than on anxious attachment style. While age and agreeableness (negatively associated) emerged as significant predictors of violence, anxious attachment explained most of the variances in aggression in intimate relationships. The study suggests that different types of antisocial tendencies could have different attachment and general personality correlates. 相似文献
216.
Saariaho TH Saariaho AS Karila IA Joukamaa MI 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2011,52(2):146-153
Engel (1959) suggested that negative physical or emotional experiences in childhood predispose to the development of chronic pain. Studies have shown that physical and sexual abuse in early life is connected with chronic pain. Emotional adversities are much less studied causes contributing to the development of chronic pain and disability. Early emotional abuse, neglect, maltreatment and other adversities are deleterious childhood experiences which, according to Young's schema theory (1990), produce early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). The primary goal of this study was to examine whether early adversities were more common in chronic pain patients than in a control group. A total of 271 (53% women) first-visit chronic pain patients and 331 (86% women) control participants took part in the study. Their socio-demographic data, pain variables and pain disability were measured. To estimate EMSs the Young Schema Questionnaire was used. Chronic pain patients scored higher EMSs reflecting incapacity to perform independently, catastrophic beliefs and pessimism. The most severely disabled chronic pain patients showed an increase in all the EMSs in the Disconnection and Rejection schema domain, namely Abandonment/Instability, Mistrust/Abuse, Emotional Deprivation, Defectiveness/Shame and Social Isolation/Alienation EMSs. The results of the study suggested that chronic pain patients had suffered early emotional maltreatment. 相似文献
217.
Hay DF Mundy L Roberts S Carta R Waters CS Perra O Jones R Jones I Goodyer I Harold G Thapar A van Goozen S 《Psychological science》2011,22(9):1205-1211
This study tested the hypothesis that 12-month-old infants' use of force against peers is associated with known risk factors for violence. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study, which included laboratory observations of firstborn British infants (N = 271) during simulated birthday parties. No gender differences in aggressiveness were observed. The infants' observed aggressiveness was significantly correlated with mothers' mood disorder during pregnancy and with mothers' history of conduct problems. Infants' observed aggressiveness was correlated with parents' ratings of infants' anger and aggression, which were also predicted by mothers' mood disorder and history of conduct problems. Our findings indicate that infants at risk for serious aggression can already be identified when the motor ability to use physical force first enters the human repertoire. 相似文献
218.
Lee-Flynn SC Pomaki G Delongis A Biesanz JC Puterman E 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2011,37(2):255-268
The current study investigated how self-esteem and self-concept clarity are implicated in the stress process both in the short and long term. Initial and 2-year follow-up interviews were completed by 178 participants from stepfamily unions. In twice-daily structured diaries over 7 days, participants reported their main family stressor, cognitive appraisals (perceived stressor threat and stressor controllability), and negative affect. Results of multilevel modeling indicated that high self-esteem ameliorated the effect of daily negative cognitive appraisals on daily negative affect. Self-concept clarity also buffered the effect of low self-self-esteem on depressive symptoms 2 years later. Our findings point to the vulnerability of those having low self-esteem or low self-concept clarity in terms of both short- and long-term adaptation to stress. They indicate the need for the consideration of such individual differences in designing stress management interventions. 相似文献
219.
Amanda Mahoney Anita Li Hugo Curiel Callie Plattner Alan Poling 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2019,52(4):1130-1139
We examined self‐ and cross‐citations in the Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA) and the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB) from 2004 through 2018. Mean annual levels of self‐citations for JABA and JEAB were 40.1% and 28.7%, respectively. Overall, 5.1% of JABA citations were JEAB articles, and 2.3% of JEAB citations were JABA articles. Although overall cross‐citation levels were relatively low, 28.7% of the JABA articles reviewed had at least one JEAB citation, and 27.5% of the JEAB articles reviewed had at least one JABA citation. Authors in both journals cited articles addressing the topics of matching and motivating operations. The extent to which the basic and applied sectors of behavior analysis interact depends on how the interaction is measured. Nonetheless, the degree of interaction is growing, which is a good thing for the discipline. 相似文献
220.
In two experiments, a multicue probability learning task was used to train participants in relating judgments to a criterion, on the basis of several cues that could or could not be relevant. The outcome feedback had 25% added noise to simulate real-world experience-based learning. Judgmental strategies acquired were measured by individual multiple linear regression analyses of a test phase (with no feedback) and were compared with self-ratings of cue relevance. In a third experiment, participants were instructed explicitly on cue relevance, with no training phase. The pattern of results suggested that both implicit and explicit cognitive processes influenced judgments and that they may have been sensitive to different task manipulations in the learning phase. On more complex tasks, despite weak explicit learning, explicit processes continued to influence judgments, producing a decrement in performance. These findings explain why studies of expert judgment often show only moderate levels of self-insight, since people have only partial access to the processes determining their judgments. 相似文献