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81.
Martha Nussbaum grounds her version of the capabilities approach in political liberalism. In this paper, we argue that the capabilities approach, insofar as it genuinely values the things that persons can actually do and be, must be grounded in a hybrid account of liberalism: in order to show respect for adults, its justification must be political; in order to show respect for children, however, its implementation must include a commitment to comprehensive autonomy, one that ensures that children develop the skills necessary to make meaningful choices about whether or not to exercise their basic capabilities. Importantly, in order to show respect for parents who do not necessarily recognize autonomy as a value, we argue that the liberal state, via its system of public education, should take on the role of ensuring that all children within the state develop a sufficient degree of comprehensive autonomy. 相似文献
82.
Rosa Terlazzo 《Journal of Global Ethics》2014,10(2):183-198
Although the problem of adaptiveness plays an important motivating role in her work on human capabilities, Martha Nussbaum never gives a clear account of the controversial concept of adaptive preferences on which she relies. In this paper, I aim both to reconstruct the most plausible account of the concept that may be attributed to Nussbaum and to provide a critical appraisal of that account. Although her broader work on the capabilities approach moves progressively towards political liberalism as time passes, I aim to show that her account of adaptive preferences continues to maintain her earlier commitment to perfectionism about the good. I then distinguish between two obligatory kinds of respect for persons, which I call, respectively, primary and secondary recognition respect. This distinction allows us to see that her perfectionist account of adaptive preferences allows her to show persons primary but not secondary recognition respect. Ultimately, I claim that an acceptable account of adaptive preferences must succeed in showing persons both types of respect. I conclude with some preliminary remarks on what such an account might look like. 相似文献
83.
José Antonio López-Pina José Antonio López-López Fulgencio Marín-Martínez Rosa Ma Núñez-Núñez Ana I. Rosa-Alcázar 《Journal of personality assessment》2015,97(1):42-54
The Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale for children and adolescents (CY–BOCS) is a frequently applied test to assess obsessive–compulsive symptoms. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the CY–BOCS to estimate the average reliability, search for reliability moderators, and propose a predictive model that researchers and clinicians can use to estimate the expected reliability of the CY–BOCS scores. A total of 47 studies reporting a reliability coefficient with the data at hand were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed good reliability and a large variability associated to the standard deviation of total scores and sample size. 相似文献
84.
Elena Cañadas Juan Lupiáñez Kerry Kawakami Paula M. Niedenthal Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón 《Cognition & emotion》2016,30(6):1149-1163
Individuals spontaneously categorise other people on the basis of their gender, ethnicity and age. But what about the emotions they express? In two studies we tested the hypothesis that facial expressions are similar to other social categories in that they can function as contextual cues to control attention. In Experiment 1 we associated expressions of anger and happiness with specific proportions of congruent/incongruent flanker trials. We also created consistent and inconsistent category members within each of these two general contexts. The results demonstrated that participants exhibited a larger congruency effect when presented with faces in the emotional group associated with a high proportion of congruent trials. Notably, this effect transferred to inconsistent members of the group. In Experiment 2 we replicated the effects with faces depicting true and false smiles. Together these findings provide consistent evidence that individuals spontaneously utilise emotions to categorise others and that such categories determine the allocation of attentional control. 相似文献
85.
Marta Bassi Monica Falautano Sabina Cilia Benedetta Goretti Monica Grobberio Marianna Pattini Erika Pietrolongo Rosa Gemma Viterbo Maria Pia Amato Miriam Benin Alessandra Lugaresi Eleonora Minacapelli Enrico Montanari Francesco Patti Maria Trojano Antonella Delle Fave 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2016,23(1):33-52
This study jointly examined illness beliefs held by persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and caregivers in relation to well-being. A group of 68 PwMS and their caregivers completed the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, Psychological Well-being Scales, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule. Findings revealed that PwMS’ well-being was primarily predicted by their own illness beliefs, and that also caregivers’ well-being was primarily predicted by their own beliefs. Across the two groups, well-being was positively associated with their belief that they understood the disease, and inversely associated with their representations of negative emotions. In addition, among PwMS, well-being was inversely associated with the number of symptoms they specifically attributed to their illness, while among caregivers, well-being was positively associated with beliefs that treatment could control the disease. Based on the study findings, psychoeducational and cognitive-behavioral strategies are suggested to promote well-being among PwMS and caregivers. 相似文献
86.
Members of higher status groups generalize characteristics of their ingroup to superordinate categories that serve as a frame of reference for comparisons with outgroups (ingroup projection). We propose that the causal process depends on the security of the intergroup context: When intergroup relations are secure, projection derives from a motivation to represent the superordinate category efficiently; when they are insecure, projection is a defense motivated process. Accordingly, we hypothesized that inducing participants to use heuristic vs. systematic information processing (via time pressure, cognitive load, or thoughtfulness instructions) would have differential effects on ingroup projection in secure as compared to insecure intergroup relations. Three experiments manipulated security of the intergroup context and information processing mode in artificial (Studies 1 and 2) or natural (Study 3) groups. We found that time pressure increased ingroup projection in the secure-group condition but decreased it in the insecure-group condition (Study 1), cognitive load increased projection in the secure but not in the insecure condition (Study 2) and thoughtfulness instructions increased projection for high identifiers in the insecure but not in the secure condition (Study 3). Results support the hypothesis that ingroup projection occurs as a cognitive bias in secure intergroup relations but that it is socially motivated by the specific intergroup relation when this relation is insecure. 相似文献
87.
María Márquez-González Javier López Rosa Romero-Moreno Andrés Losada 《Journal of religion and health》2012,51(1):179-186
This study explores the relationships between spiritual meaning and social support from the religious community and problem
behaviors, anger and depression in 128 dementia caregivers. The results suggest a mediating role of anger in the relationship
between the appraisal of problem behaviors and depression. Support from the religious community is directly and negatively
associated with anger, but the relationship between spiritual meaning and anger is mediated by caregivers’ appraisals of problem
behaviors, suggesting that spiritual beliefs might help caregivers to find meaning in caregiving experiences and thus appraise
care recipients’ behavioral problems as less stressful. 相似文献
88.
Rosa Calvo 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(13):29-37
RESUMENPor el peligro físico que supone y los delicados matices de sus alteraciones, la anorexia nerviosa constituye un verdadero reto para los procedimientos tradicionales en la práctica clínica. El uso reciente de técnicas de terapia de conducta se ha visto también contestado por su supuesta peligrosidad para las personas que padecen esta importante alteración. En este artículo se revisan los principios fundamentales que sustentan este tipo de terapia y sus implicaciones en la salud del enfermo. Al final del artículo se presenta un breve estudio de casos tratados con terapia conductual. 相似文献
89.
Pilar Ferré Isabel Fraga Montserrat Comesaña Rosa Sánchez-Casas 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(8):1401-1410
Emotional stimuli have been repeatedly demonstrated to be better remembered than neutral ones. The aim of the present study was to test whether this advantage in memory is mainly produced by the affective content of the stimuli or it can be rather accounted for by factors such as semantic relatedness or type of encoding task. The valence of the stimuli (positive, negative and neutral words that could be either semantically related or unrelated) as well as the type of encoding task (focused on either familiarity or emotionality) was manipulated. The results revealed an advantage in memory for emotional words (either positive or negative) regardless of semantic relatedness. Importantly, this advantage was modulated by the encoding task, as it was reliable only in the task which focused on emotionality. These findings suggest that congruity with the dimension attended at encoding might contribute to the superiority in memory for emotional words, thus offering us a more complex picture of the underlying mechanisms behind the advantage for emotional information in memory. 相似文献
90.
Eduardo Cervelló Francisco J. Santos Rosa Tomás García Calvo Ruth Jiménez Damián Iglesias 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(3):304-321
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of situational and dispositional factors in contributing to competitive task involvement and performance in young tennis players. One hundred fifty-one adolescent tennis players and their coaches participated in the study. Participants responded to instruments measuring pre-game dispositional goal orientations and perceptions of the motivational climate and post-game task involvement in the competition by assessing concentration, loss of self-consciousness, and autotelic experience, perceptions of coach-initiated motivational climate in competition, and self-evaluation of game performance. In addition, coaches evaluated the players’ performance. Results showed that task involvement was predicted by players’ perceptions of a coach-initiated learning motivational climate in competition. Loss of self-consciousness was predicted by the players’ perceptions of a coach-initiated performance climate in competition. Finally, coaches’ and players’ assessment of performance were predicted by autotelic experience, concentration, and by perception of coach-initiated learning and performance orientation in competition. 相似文献