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111.
Maria C. D’Angelo Alix Noly-Gandon Arber Kacollja Morgan D. Barense Jennifer D. Ryan 《Memory & cognition》2017,45(8):1306-1318
Memory impairments are often observed in aging. Specifically, older adults have difficulty binding together disparate elements (relational memory). We have recently shown that a cognitive strategy known as unitization can mitigate impaired relational learning in the transverse patterning task (TP) in both amnesia and healthy aging. This strategy allows items to be fused together through an interaction such that one item acts upon another. In the context of TP, unitization is comprised of three component processes: (1) fusion, (2) motion, and (3) semantic comprehension of action/consequence sequences. Here, we examine which of these components are sufficient to mitigate age-related impairments. Four groups of older adults were given either the full unitization strategy or one of the three component strategies. Each group of older adults showed impairments in memory for the relations among items under standard training instructions relative to a threshold that marks learning of a winner-take-all rule (elemental threshold). However, participants who were given either the full unitization strategy or the action/consequence-only strategy showed improved performance, which was maintained following the 1-hour delay. Therefore, semantically rich action/consequence interactions are sufficient to mitigate age-related relational memory impairments. 相似文献
112.
Angelo Gilio 《Synthese》2005,146(1-2):139-152
We study a probabilistic logic based on the coherence principle of de Finetti and a related notion of generalized coherence
(g-coherence). We examine probabilistic conditional knowledge bases associated with imprecise probability assessments defined
on arbitrary families of conditional events. We introduce a notion of conditional interpretation defined directly in terms
of precise probability assessments. We also examine a property of strong satisfiability which is related to the notion of
toleration well known in default reasoning. In our framework we give more general definitions of the notions of probabilistic
consistency and probabilistic entailment of Adams. We also recall a notion of strict p-consistency and some related results.
Moreover, we give new proofs of some results obtained in probabilistic default reasoning. Finally, we examine the relationships
between conditional probability rankings and the notions of g-coherence and g-coherent entailment. 相似文献
113.
The Good Professor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Angelo Corlett 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2005,3(1):27-54
This paper seeks to provide a philosophical analysis of the features of an excellent professor, but a well-balanced one, professionally speaking. What makes for excellence in research, teaching and service is explored in some detail, with attention paid to the contexts of four-year colleges and comprehensive universities in the united states. 相似文献
114.
115.
116.
J. Angelo Corlett 《The Journal of Ethics》2006,10(1-2):131-191
This paper is offered as a tribute to Joel Feinberg. The first section of the paper applies Feinberg’s analysis of freedom
of expression to a contemporary case of academic freedom. The second section engages Feinberg’s work on rights and punishment.
The paper ends with numerous quotations from Feinberg’s vast array of writings, words that express his ideas on a number of
important problems that occupied his mind throughout his fruitful and influential career. 相似文献
117.
Mary Beth Miller Angelo M. DiBello Ellen Meier Eleanor L.S. Leavens Jennifer E. Merrill Kate B. Carey Thad R. Leffingwell 《Behavior Therapy》2019,50(1):25-35
Alcohol-induced amnesia (“blackout”) is a reliable predictor of alcohol-related harm. Given its association with other negative consequences, experience of alcohol-induced amnesia may serve as a teachable moment, after which individuals are more likely to respond to intervention. To test this hypothesis, alcohol-induced amnesia was evaluated as a moderator of brief intervention effect on (a) alcohol-related consequences and (b) the proposed intervention mediators, protective behavioral strategies and peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Baseline alcohol risk measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) was also evaluated as a moderator to rule out the possibility that amnesia is simply an indicator of more general alcohol risk. College students (N = 198) reporting alcohol use in a typical week completed assessments at baseline and 1-month follow-up as part of a larger intervention trial. Participants were randomized to assessment only (AO; n = 58) or personalized feedback intervention (PFI; n = 140). Hierarchical regression was used to examine direct and indirect intervention effects. A significant group-by-amnesia interaction revealed that only PFI participants who had experienced alcohol-induced amnesia in the past month reported decreases in alcohol consequences at 1-month follow-up. The PFI reduced alcohol-related consequences indirectly through changes in peak BAC, but only among those who had experienced amnesia at baseline. In contrast, baseline alcohol risk (AUDIT) did not moderate intervention effects, and use of protective behavioral strategies did not statistically mediate intervention effects. Findings suggest that loss of memory for drinking events is a unique determinant of young adult response to brief alcohol intervention. Normative feedback interventions may be particularly effective for individuals who have experienced alcohol-induced amnesia in the past 30 days. 相似文献
118.
The spontaneous tendency to join the largest social group was used to investigate quantity discrimination in fish. Fish discriminated between shoals that differed by one element when the paired numbers were 1vs2, 2vs3 and 3vs4, but not when 4vs5 or larger. Using large numerosities (>4), the ability to discriminate between two numbers improved as the numerical distance between them increased and a significant discrimination was found only with ratios of 1:2 or smaller (4vs8, 8vs16 and 4vs10). Experiments to control for non-numerical variables evidenced the role played by the total area of stimuli with both large and small numerosities; the total quantity of movement of the fish within a shoal appeared also important but only when large numerosities were involved. Even though the pattern of discrimination exhibited by female mosquitofish is not fully consistent with any of the existing models of quantity representation, our results seem to suggest two distinct mechanisms in fish, one used to compare small numbers of objects and one used when larger numerosities are involved. 相似文献
119.
Angelo Di Garbo 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(1):85-94
Inhibitory interneurons are coupled by electrical and inhibitory synapses and exert a powerful control of the discharges of principal cells. In this paper, the transmission properties of excitatory synaptic inputs by a network of interneurons, are studied by using a computational approach. It is shown that both the rise and decay time constants, describing the time course of the excitatory synaptic inputs, have a strong effect on the output jitter of the fired spikes. Similar results were found by changing the values of the other parameters describing the network. Lastly, it is shown that the presence of the electrical coupling between interneurons confers to the network the capability of transmitting, with less temporal spread, the timing information contained in its inputs. 相似文献
120.
Debarnot U Creveaux T Collet C Gemignani A Massarelli R Doyon J Guillot A 《Brain and cognition》2009,69(2):398-405
A wide range of experimental studies have provided evidence that a night of sleep may enhance motor performance following physical practice (PP), but little is known, however, about its effect after motor imagery (MI). Using an explicitly learned pointing task paradigm, thirty participants were assigned to one of three groups that differed in the training method (PP, MI, and control groups). The physical performance was measured before training (pre-test), as well as before (post-test 1) and after a night of sleep (post-test 2). The time taken to complete the pointing tasks, the number of errors and the kinematic trajectories were the dependent variables. As expected, both the PP and the MI groups improved their performance during the post-test 1. The MI group was further found to enhance motor performance after sleep, hence suggesting that sleep-related effects are effective following mental practice. Such findings highlight the reliability of MI in learning process, which is thought consolidated when associated with sleep. 相似文献