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941.
942.
Is a man’s sexual peak earlier than a woman’s? Three studies were conducted to examine (a) whether the perception that men achieve their sexual peak at a younger age than do women is shared across individuals of different ages and sexes, (b) whether sexual peak is defined differently for men and women, and (c) whether differences between definitions contribute to differences in the age at which men and women are perceived to reach sexual peak. Study 1 suggested that participants believed that females reach their sexual peak at an older age than do males. Study 2 indicated that the defining feature of sexual peak for males was sexual desire and for females was sexual satisfaction. Study 3 suggested that predictions of male sexual peak coincided with participants’ predictions of male age of highest desire and frequency, but not satisfaction, and that female sexual peak coincided with participants' predictions of female age of highest satisfaction but not frequency or desire. Discussion focuses on potential reasons for differences between the perception of male and female sexuality, as well as the social and evolutionary importance of each of the dimensions of sexuality for both males and females. 相似文献
943.
Information-motivation-behavioral skills model-based HIV risk behavior change intervention for inner-city high school youth. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Jeffrey D Fisher William A Fisher Angela D Bryan Stephen J Misovich 《Health psychology》2002,21(2):177-186
This study assessed the effects of 3 theoretically grounded, school-based HIV prevention interventions on inner-city minority high school students' levels of HIV prevention information, motivation, behavioral skills, and behavior. It involved a quasi-experimental controlled trial comparing classroom-based, peer-based, and combined classroom- and peer-based HIV prevention interventions with a standard-of-care control condition in 4 urban high schools (N = 1,532, primarily 9th-grade students). At 12 months postintervention, the classroom-based intervention resulted in sustained changes in HIV prevention behavior. This article discusses why both of the interventions involving peers were less effective than the classroom-based intervention at the 12-month follow-up and, more generally, suggests a set of possible limiting conditions for the efficacy of peer-based interventions. 相似文献
944.
To assess psychopathology in transsexuals at different phases of sex reassignment, we administered the Spanish adaptation of the MMPI-2 (Avila-Espada & Jiménez-Gómez, 1999) to 107 male-to-female and 56 female-to-male transsexuals. Except for the Mf scale, mean T scores from the Clinical scales were within the normal range and did not differ between sexes. Male-to-female transsexuals seeking sex-reassignment hormonal therapy, but not female-to-male patients, scored significantly higher on the Depression, Hysteria, Psychopathic Deviate, Schizophrenia, and Social Introversion scales than patients seeking sex-reassignment surgery. The results show that the majority of patients were free of psychopathology. Transsexuals in the initial phases of sex reassignment may experience more distress than in later phases; however, these results are unlikely to reflect clinically relevant differences. 相似文献
945.
Diamond LM Hicks AM Otter-Henderson KD 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2008,95(2):385-403
This study investigated changes in day-to-day affect, behavior, and physiology (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity) associated with temporary physical separations from romantic partners (such as those brought about by work-related travel). Daily diaries and measures of salivary cortisol were collected from 42 couples over a 21-day period that was timed to coincide with a naturally occurring 4- to 7-day separation. There were significant changes from preseparation to separation and from separation to reunion in the quality of partners' interactions, their positive and negative affect, sleeping problems, subjective stress, physical symptoms, and cortisol levels. Separation and reunion effects were generally more pronounced in homebound partners, partners with high attachment anxiety, and partners who had less contact with each other during the separation. Separation and reunion effects were not moderated by relationship length, relationship satisfaction, how often couples underwent separations, or the presence of children in the home. The results are discussed with respect to the role of daily proximity and contact between partners for day-to-day affective and physiological regulation. 相似文献
946.
947.
948.
Alexandra E Mitchell Angela M Castellani Rachael L Herrington Jana I Joseph Brian D Doss Douglas K Snyder 《Journal of family psychology》2008,22(1):21-29
The interpersonal process model of intimacy (H. T. Reis & P. Shaver, 1988) proposes that self-disclosure and empathic responding form the basis of intimate interactions. This study examined this model in 102 community couples who completed intimacy measures following videotaped discussions about relationship injuries occurring both within and outside the relationship. Observational assessments of self-disclosure and empathic responding, as well as their respective components, were related to self-reported ratings of post-interaction intimacy. Men's own disclosure and empathic responding predicted their feelings of intimacy, whereas women's intimacy was predicted by their partner's disclosure and empathic responding. Self-disclosure and empathic responding appear to be important behavioral determinants of intimate feelings, but the manner in which they influence intimacy differs according to gender. 相似文献
949.
A Prevalence Study on Internalizing Problems Among Primary School Children in Hong Kong 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Angela F. Y. Siu 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(6):779-790
Studies in Hong Kong indicated that there is a tendency for young children to use internalizing as a means to cope with their
daily difficulties. Mother–child relationship has been seen as a factor affecting a child’s adaptive coping skills. In this
study, we explored the prevalence of internalizing problems among primary school children in Hong Kong, as well as the mother–child
relationship that contribute to children’s internalizing problems. Data used to assess the internalizing behavior among 1598
primary school children were collected from their mothers. The estimated prevalence of internalizing problem was 11.4%. This
prevalence was based on the cutoff point for internalizing disorders according to the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The
CBCL internalizing score was significantly correlated with mother–child relationship as measured using the Parent–Child Relationship
Questionnaire (PCRQ). Results from the PCRQ indicated that children’s internalizing problems were positively correlated with
mother’s use of verbal punishment and rejection as well as their possessiveness and protection on their children. On the other
hand, a nurturing and intimate relationship between mother and child was an important factor contributing to the development
of mentally healthy children. Implications of this study and suggestions for further research were discussed. 相似文献
950.
Yohimbine impairs extinction of cocaine-conditioned place preference in an alpha2-adrenergic receptor independent process 下载免费PDF全文
Davis AR Shields AD Brigman JL Norcross M McElligott ZA Holmes A Winder DG 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2008,15(9):667-676
Extinction, a form of learning that has the ability to reshape learned behavior based on new experiences, has been heavily studied utilizing fear learning paradigms. Mechanisms underlying extinction of positive-valence associations, such as drug self-administration and place preference, are poorly understood yet may have important relevance to addiction treatment. Data suggest a major role for the noradrenergic system in extinction of fear-based learning. Employing both pharmacological and genetic approaches, we investigated the role of the alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(2)-AR) in extinction of cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and glutamatergic transmission in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST). We found that pre-extinction systemic treatment with the alpha(2)-AR antagonist yohimbine impaired cocaine CPP extinction in C57BL/6J mice, an effect that was not mimicked by the more selective alpha(2)-AR antagonist, atipamezole. Moreover, alpha(2A)-AR knockout mice exhibited similar cocaine CPP extinction and exacerbated extinction impairing effects of yohimbine. Using acute brain slices and electrophysiological approaches, we found that yohimbine produces a slowly evolving depression of glutamatergic transmission in the BNST that was not mimicked by atipamezole. Further, this action was extant in slices from alpha(2A)-AR knockout mice. Our data strongly suggest that extinction-modifying effects of yohimbine are unlikely to be due to actions at alpha(2A)-ARs. 相似文献