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931.
This article examines Leon Kass's contention that a choice forphysician-assisted suicide is "undignified." Although Kass isJewish rather than Christian, he argues for positions that mostChristians share, and he argues for these positions withoutpresupposing the truth of specific religious claims. I arguethat although Kass has some important intuitions, he too readilyassumes that these intuitions will be shared by his audience,and that this assumption diminishes the force of his argument.An examination of the limitations of Kass's argument is helpfulinsofar as it illustrates the real challenge faced by religiousbelievers who wish to defend their beliefs in the "public forum."For it illustrates that what needs to be made "accessible" isthe Judeo-Christian understanding of man and his place in theworld. While I do not wish to claim that this task is impossible,I do think that it is far more difficult than most realize.Like all important tasks, however, unless we wrestle with thedifficulties it raises, our arguments will strike many as unconvincing. 相似文献
932.
The study provided a preliminary test of the intergenerational continuity of maternal psychopathic features in a non-referred elementary aged sample of children. Consistent with dominant etiological models and recent behavioral genetics research, a direct association was expected between maternal and child affective features of psychopathy (i.e., callous-unemotional or CU traits). Potential mediators representative of alternative transmission mechanisms were assessed including parenting dysfunction, parental hostility/interpersonal insensitivity, and child impulsivity. Behavioral features of psychopathy were also assessed and were predicted to bear weaker and more indirect parent-child associations. A mixed sex sample of 83 children accompanied by a biological mother were administered a multi-informant rating-scale battery including separate parent (i.e., Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale) and child (i.e., Antisocial Process Screening Device) measures of psychopathy. Consistent with prediction, a significant association was documented between maternal and child CU traits (r=.22). Additionally, a slightly weaker association and statistical trend (r=.21) was observed in the relation between maternal and child interpersonal features of the psychopathy construct. Contrary to prediction, all documented associations were fully mediated by parental hostility and parenting dysfunction. Given the preliminary nature of study findings, implications for developmental modeling and future intergenerational continuity research are discussed. 相似文献
933.
An experimenter taught infants about a novel toy in two joint attention conditions, one with and one without vocal cues. In test trials, infants viewed the familiar toy and a novel toy. Infants in the Joint Attention plus Voice condition looked significantly longer to the novel toy. 相似文献
934.
One of the core issues in psycholinguistic research concerns the relationship between word category information and verb-argument structure (e.g. transitivity) information of verbs in the process of sentence parsing. In two experiments (visual versus auditory presentation) using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we addressed this question by presenting sentences in which the critical word simultaneously realized both a word category and a transitivity violation. ERPs for sentences with both types of violation clustered with the patterns for sentences with a word category violation only, but were different from the patterns elicited by argument structure violations in isolation, since only the latter elicited an N400 ERP component. The finding that an argument structure violation evoked an N400 only if the phrase structure of the respective sentence was correct suggests that a successful integration of the word category information of a verb functionally precedes the application of its argument structure information. 相似文献
935.
The Psychological Trauma and Psychological Resources Scale has been developed to identify adolescents and adults who have experienced traumatic events, i.e., physical, sexual, or emotional abuse and neglect. The scale also attempts to identify the presence of compensatory or resource factors such as social support that may serve to ameliorate the effects of traumatic events. 98 college participants who reported a history of abuse were compared with 464 nonabused students on the seven subscales. As predicted, the abused participants reported significantly more incidents of abuse and neglect than the nontraumatized group. In addition, the abused group reported receiving less emotional support, and they were less likely to use positive self-talk as a way to decrease emotional distress. These results provide empirical support for using the Psychological Trauma and Psychological Resources Scale to identify individuals with a history of abuse. Findings underscore the importance of assessing resource variables that may moderate the effects of abuse. 相似文献
936.
937.
Gary?G.?FordEmail author Jennifer?J.?Ewing Angela?M.?Ford Nikki?L.?Ferguson Wendy?Y.?Sherman 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2004,23(2):147-160
College students(n = 162) completed measures of death anxiety and sexual risk-taking, with a thought listing procedure in-between. Those who completed
the death anxiety measure first (Death Salient condition) reportedgreater willingness to engage in high-risk sexual behavior than the Non-Death Salient group. This result was consistent with the
hypothesis that evoking death anxiety would produce denial-based defensive activity. Also, Death Salient participants reporting
more death thoughts were lower on risk-taking, as predicted. Interestingly, Death Salient participants reporting stressful
thoughts about issues unrelated to personal mortality (displacement) were also less willing to engage in high-risk sexual
behavior. The results are discussed in relation to a new, avowal-based model of the process of psychological defense. 相似文献
938.
Speed-accuracy tradeoff (SAT) methods have been used to contrast single- and dual-process accounts of recognition memory.
In these procedures, subjects are presented with individual test items and are required to make recognition decisions under
various time constraints. In this experiment, we presented word lists under incidental learning conditions, varying the modality
of presentation and level of processing. At test, we manipulated the interval between each visually presented test item and
a response signal, thus controlling the amount of time available to retrieve target information. Study— test modality match
had a beneficial effect on recognition accuracy at short response-signal delays (≤300msec). Conversely, recognition accuracy
benefited more from deep than from shallow processing at study only at relatively long response-signal delays (≥300 msec).
The results are congruent with views suggesting that both fast familiarity and slower recollection processes contribute to
recognition memory. 相似文献
939.
The understanding of the eating disorders (EDs) anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) has undergone remarkable advancements in the past decade. Most studies that have been done in AN show brain gray and white matter volume loss during the ill state that, at least in part, remit with recovery. Similar patterns occur for brain phospholipids assessed using magnet resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Imaging studies have been used to provide functional information regarding serotonin neuroreceptor dynamics, regional cerebral blood flow, or cerebral glucose metabolism. Such studies have implicated cingulate, frontal, temporal, and parietal regions in AN. Investigators have found that challenges such as food and body image distortions may activate some of these regions, raising the possibility that such studies may shed light on puzzling AN symptoms, such as body image distortions or extremes of appetitive behaviors. Emerging data suggest these disturbances persist after recovery from AN, suggesting the possibility that these are traits that may create a vulnerability to develop an ED. While fewer studies have been done in BN or binge eating disorder, there may be disturbances of serotonin metabolism in similar brain regions. Taken together, these findings give promise for future investigations with the hope of delineating brain pathways that contribute to the etiology of EDs 相似文献
940.
Carolyn?YoonEmail author Fred?Feinberg Ting?Luo Trey?Hedden Angela?Hall?Gutchess Hiu-Ying?Mary?Chen Joseph?A.?Mikels Shulan?Jiao Denise?C.?Park 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(4):639-649
The present study presents normative measures for 260 line drawings of everyday objects, found in Snodgrass and Vanderwart
(1980), viewed by individuals in China and the United States. Within each cultural group, name agreement, concept agreement,
and familiarity measures were obtained separately for younger adults and older adults. For a subset of 57 pictures (22%),
there was equivalence in both name agreement and concept agreement, and for an additional subset of 29 pictures (11%), there
was nonequivalent name agreement but equivalent concept agreement, across all culture-by-age groups. The data indicate substantial
differences across culture-by-age groups in name agreement percentages and number of distinct name responses provided. We
discovered significant differences between older and younger American adults in both name agreement percentages (67 pictures,
or 26%) and concept agreement percentages (44 pictures, or 17%). Written naming responses collected for the entire set of
Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures showed shifts in both naming and concept agreement percentages over the intervening decades:
Although correlations in name agreement were strong (r
= .71,p < .001) between our younger American samples and those of Snodgrass and Vanderwart, name agreement percentages have changed
for a substantial proportion (33%) of the 260 pictures; moreover, 63% of the stimuli for which Snodgrass and Vanderwart reported
concept agreement now appear to differ. We provide comprehensive comparison statistics and tests for both the present study
and prior ones, finding differences across numerous item-level measures. The corpus of data suggests that substantial differences
in all measures can be found across age as well as culture, so that unequivocal conclusions with respect to cross-cultural
or age-related differences in cognition can be made only when appropriate stimuli are selected for studies. Data for all 260
pictures, for each of the four groups, and all supporting materials and tests are freely archived athttp://agingmind.cns.uiuc.edu/Pict Norms. The full set of these norms may be downloaded fromwwwpsychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献