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821.
As advancements in the treatment of childhood cancer have resulted in increasing survival rates, the psychosocial functioning
of child patients has become an increasingly important issue. In this pilot study, we investigate the relationships among
parents’ characteristics, children’s characteristics, and the quality of life experienced by children who are diagnosed with
cancer. Forty-seven mothers, sixteen fathers, and nineteen children completed measures about their own psychological functioning
as well as measures about the children’s quality of life. Mothers’ ratings of their children’s quality of life were correlated
positively with the ratings provided by both fathers and the children themselves. In addition, significant relationships were
found between mothers’ depression and parenting stress and children’s quality of life as well as between mothers’ and fathers’
anxiety and children’s quality of life. Finally, using regression analyses, mothers’, fathers’, and children’s ratings of
their own characteristics predicted significantly their ratings of the children’s quality of life. The importance of examining
the psychological characteristics of family members when assessing the quality of life of children who are diagnosed with
cancer is discussed. 相似文献
822.
Prior research indicates that, like adults, infants use enclosed regions to group elements. It is not clear whether infants
or adults can use regions that have to be inferred from illusory contours to group elements. We examined whether 3- to 4-month-olds
use illusory regions to group elements and generalize this organization to novel regions. Infants habituated to pairs of shapes
in illusory vertical or horizontal regions subsequently discriminated, in novel regions, pairs of elements that had previously
shared a region from pairs of elements that had been in different regions. A control group of infants, who had experienced
the same stimuli except for the presence of illusory regions, failed to discriminate between within-region and between-region
pairs of stimuli. These results reveal that (1) illusory regions can be used to group elements, (2) perceptual organization
is sufficiently developed early in life for 3- to 4-month-olds to group on the basis of ecologically relevant illusory contours,
and (3) such grouping in infancy generalizes to novel regions. 相似文献
823.
Morrow D Raquel L Schriver A Redenbo S Rozovski D Weiss G 《Journal of experimental psychology. Applied》2008,14(3):288-297
Taking medication requires developing plans to accomplish the activity. This planning challenges older adults because of age-related cognitive limits and inadequate collaboration with health providers. The authors investigated whether an external aid (medtable) supports collaborative planning in the context of a simulated patient/provider task in which pairs of older adults worked together to create medication schedules. Experiment 1 compared pairs who used the medtable, blank paper (unstructured aid), or no aid to create schedules varying in complexity of medication constraints (number of medications and medication co-occurrence restrictions) and patient constraints (available times during the day to take medication). Both aids increased problem-solving accuracy and efficiency (time per unit accuracy) compared to the no-aid condition, primarily for more complex schedules. However, benefits were similar for the two aids. In Experiment 2, a redesigned medtable increased problem-solving accuracy and efficiency compared to blank paper. Both aids presumably supported problem solving by providing a jointly visible workspace for developing schedules. The medtable may be more effective because it externalizes constraints (relationships between medication and patient information), so that participants can more easily organize information. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2008 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
824.
This paper describes the initial development of a treatment for bulimia nervosa using a functional contextual treatment approach. Seven women (6 with a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa and 1 with a diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified) completed 12 sessions of functional contextual treatment. Participants were assessed with the Eating Disorders Examination at baseline and following treatment. The intervention produced significant reductions in binge eating, purgative behavior, dietary restraint, and eating concerns. A functional contextual treatment holds promise for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. However, the treatment needs to be refined further and will need to be tested in controlled clinical trials with long-term follow-up. 相似文献
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827.
Robbie Cooper Christina J. Howard Angela S. Attwood Rachel Stirland Viviane Rostant Lynne Renton 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(2):273-282
In two experiments we measured the effects of 7.5% CO2 inhalation on the interpretation of video footage recorded on closed circuit television (CCTV). As predicted, inhalation of 7.5% CO2 was associated with increases in physiological and subjective correlates of anxiety compared with inhalation of medical air (placebo). Importantly, when in the 7.5% CO2 condition, participants reported the increased presence of suspicious activity compared with placebo (Experiment 1), a finding that was replicated and extended (Experiment 2) with no concomitant increase in the reporting of the presence of positive activity. These findings support previous work on interpretative bias in anxiety but are novel in terms of how the anxiety was elicited, the nature of the interpretative bias, and the ecological validity of the task. 相似文献
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This article is an examination of how the intersection of sport and race plays out in the sexualization of the sporting role
of African American male athletes. Further, the article is an examination of the multiple roles the media, sport, and race
play as these impact the public persona of African American male athletes in high-profile sports. The article concludes with
a number of recommendations for ending the negative images of African American male athletes.
To the white public, we are athletes, rappers, preachers, singers—and precious little else. We are also robberts, rapists,
mentally deficient and sexually well endowed. —Ellis Cose, The Envy of the World: On Being a Black Man in America (2002; New York: Washington Square Press, 3–4)
First of all, let me say good after ... good late afternoon. Because of the HIV virus I have attained, I will have to announce
my retirement from the Lakers today. I just want to make clear, first of all, that I do not have the AIDS disease, because
I know a lot of you want to know that, but the HIV virus. My wife is fine, she’s negative, so no problem with her. I plan
on going on, living for a long time, bugging you guys like I always have. So you’ll see me around. I plan on being with the
Lakers and the league—hopefully [Commissioner] David [Stern] will have me for a while—and going on with my life. I guess now
I get to enjoy some of the other sides of living—that [were missed] because of the season and the long practices and so on.
I just want to say that I’m going to miss playing. And I will now become a spokesman for the HIV virus because I want people,
young people, to realize they can practice safe sex. And, you know, sometimes you’re a little naive about it and you think
it could never happen to you. You only thought it could happen to, you know, other people and so on and on. And it has happened.
—Magic Johnson—Press Conference at L.A. Lakers Compound Washington Post, November 9, 1991 相似文献