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901.
Elizabeth A. Mongillo Margaret Briggs-Gowan Julian D. Ford Alice S. Carter 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):455-468
Toddlers may be at particularly high risk for a number of psychiatric, developmental and neurobiological consequences in the
aftermath of trauma. The social and emotional impact of potentially traumatic life events experienced between 6 and 36-months
of age was assessed in an epidemiological birth cohort of 18- to 36-month-olds from the Greater New Haven Area. Event-exposed
toddlers evidenced greater symptom severity on the ITSEA Internalizing, Externalizing, Dysregulation, Atypical and Maladaptive
scales, as well on the CBCL Internalizing and Externalizing scales than those not exposed. Approximately one-fifth of event-exposed
toddlers were reported by their parents to have experienced a dramatic change in functioning following the event, and were
described as experiencing higher levels of symptoms consistent with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), namely re-experiencing
and arousal, than exposed toddlers whose parents did not report a change in their functioning. Implications for clinicians
and child care providers working with toddlers and their parents are discussed. 相似文献
902.
903.
Angela F. Lukowski Sandra A. Wiebe Patricia J. Bauer 《Infant behavior & development》2009,32(3):331-335
We examined generalization in 9-month-old infants after a 24-h delay using deferred imitation. Infants flexibly applied their knowledge of sequence actions across changes in props even though they had no opportunity for immediate imitation. 相似文献
904.
Stacy L. Carter 《Behavioral Interventions》2009,24(3):205-213
The present study used a treatment analysis following ambiguous functional analysis results to evaluate potential treatments to reduce the SIB of a 32‐year‐old male with profound mental retardation. In addition, effective treatments were determined for increasing compliance with increasingly more complex self‐care tasks. The results indicated that a positive reinforcement procedure with extinction was useful toward reducing SIB and increasing compliance during three increasingly more complex tasks. The usefulness of treatment analysis procedures following ambiguous functional analysis results are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
905.
Layer and regional effects of environmental enrichment on the pyramidal neuron morphology of the rat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Francesca Gelfo Paola De Bartolo Angela Giovine Laura Petrosini Maria Giuseppa Leggio 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,91(4):353-365
The environmental enrichment (EE) paradigm is widely used to study experience-dependent brain plasticity. Several studies have investigated functional and anatomical EE effects. However, as EE effects are different according to cerebral region, cortical layer, dendritic field and morphological index considered, a univocal characterization of neuronal morphological changes following rearing in enriched environments is lacking.Aim of the present study was to characterize in the rat the effects of EE on the neuronal morphology of frontal and parietal cortical regions, the main target areas of the stimulation provided by the paradigm. Male Wistar rats were housed in an enriched environment for 3.5 months from the 21st postnatal day. For the morphological analysis, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA)-labeled pyramidal neurons were selected from frontal (M1–M2) and parietal (S1–S2) cortical layers III and V. Apical and basal dendritic branching and spines were analyzed using the Sholl method.Results showed that EE increased branching and spines in both layers of frontal cortex, but had a greater effect on apical arborization. In parietal cortex, EE significantly affected branching and spines in layer III but not layer V neurons, in which only a tendency to be influenced by the rearing conditions was observed in basal arborization.It is hypothesized that these multifaceted morphological EE effects are connected to the heavy involvement of a sensory-motor circuit engaged in the guidance of voluntary action and in motor learning activated by EE stimulation. 相似文献
906.
Angela M. O'Rand 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》1982,18(3):272-278
The history of sociology is usually transmitted as a biographical parade of the „masters”︁ and their knowledge claims through time. This approach tends to portray the sociological enterprise as cumulative with empirical-analytic rather than historical-hermeneutic or critical features and often fails to convey the „sociological imagination”︁ to the student. Another approach to the history of sociology, one emphasizing history as method rather than history as theory, directly exposes the student to historical materials placing the masters in their milieus and encourages the student to construct sociology from these materials. The second approach is described using three exercises in the „Sociology of, for, and in the South.”︁. 相似文献
907.
Sarah P. Carter Keith D. Renshaw Elizabeth S. Allen Howard J. Markman Scott M. Stanley 《Family process》2020,59(3):1261-1274
To minimize potential distractions for deployed military service members (SMs), some nondeployed romantic partners have reported engaging in protective buffering, or intentionally withholding information or concerns to protect their deployed partner. This study assessed the associations of protective buffering and psychological distress and marital satisfaction for military couples during and after deployment. Additionally, the study explored whether protective buffering was related to SM reports of being distracted during deployment by family matters. A total of 54 couples provided data before, during, and after an Army deployment. In multilevel models, higher protective buffering by partners was associated with higher psychological distress and lower marital satisfaction for both SMs and partners during, but not after, deployment. Additionally, partners reported frequent use of protective buffering during deployment; however, protective buffering was not significantly correlated with family related distraction for SMs during deployment. Limitations and implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
908.
Angela B. Bradford Lauren Drean Jonathan G. Sandberg Lee N. Johnson 《Family process》2020,59(4):1530-1551
The degree of approval for a relationship from one’s social network has been shown to predict relationship outcomes. Additional research has shown that attachment can buffer the negative effects of various factors (e.g., depression) on relationships. Using an actor–partner interdependence model in an SEM framework, we research the effects of disapproval from parents and friends for one’s relationship on marital relationship quality for self and partner in a sample of 858 married couples. We also examine whether each spouse’s attachment behaviors can moderate these effects. Results indicated that one’s own attachment behaviors moderate the effects of their own parents’ and friends’ disapproval on their self-reported relationship quality for both men and women. Partner’s attachment behaviors moderate own friend’s disapproval on self-reported relationship quality for men and women; additionally, the main effect of partner’s friends’ and parents’ disapproval became nonsignificant with that test. The findings provide evidence that attachment behaviors of both partners play a role in buffering the negative effects of the social network disapproval on relationship outcomes. Clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
909.
Previous researchers found that individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities tend to prefer edible over leisure stimuli, although leisure stimuli may still function as reinforcers. We replicated and extended previous research in a 2-part experiment with typically developing children. In Experiment 1, we evaluated 15 children's preference for leisure and edible stimuli. Five of 15 participants preferred edible over leisure stimuli, 3 of 15 participants preferred leisure over edible stimuli, and the remaining 7 of 15 participants did not show a preference for a stimulus class. In Experiment 2, we compared the reinforcer potency of the top-ranked stimulus from each class with 7 of the 8 participants who showed displacement of one stimulus class. Four of 7 participants allocated more responding to the task associated with the top-ranked stimulus and 3 of 7 participants showed no differences in responding to the task regardless of the stimulus rank. 相似文献
910.
Numerous studies have demonstrated the positive impact of mass media coverage of cancer on screening rates. In this online experiment, we assessed the influence of different types of mass media news articles (factual vs. emotive narratives) on cervical cancer screening intentions. We also tested the process through which mass media news articles influence screening intention. Participants (N = 141) were randomly allocated to receive either a news article containing factual information about screening, a news article containing an emotive narrative about a nonfamous woman who died after not being screened, or no information about screening. Participants, then, completed measures of stigma, fear, shame, and screening intention. Stigma toward people who had not been screened (i.e., public stigma) was greater when participants received an emotive narrative rather than factual information or no information. Moreover, we found a significant indirect effect of the manipulation on screening intention via public stigma. These results indicated that the emotive news article increased public stigma, which in turn predicted screening intention. Based on this, we argue that it is important to carefully consider the type of narrative that is included in mass media articles to ensure that it does not stigmatize people who have not been screened. 相似文献