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991.
Mindfulness Training for Parents and Their Children With ADHD Increases the Children’s Compliance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nirbhay N. Singh Ashvind N. Singh Giulio E. Lancioni Judy Singh Alan S. W. Winton Angela D. Adkins 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(2):157-166
Children with ADHD are often non-compliant with parental instructions. Various methods have been used to reduce problem behaviors
in these children, with medication and manipulation of behavioral contingencies being the most prevalent. An objection often
raised by parents is that these management strategies require them to impose external control on the children which not only
results in the children not learning self-control strategies, but also does not enhance positive interactions between them
and their parents. Studies have shown that providing mindfulness training to parents, without a focus on reducing problem
behaviors, can enhance positive interactions with their children and increase their satisfaction with parenting. We were interested
to see what effects giving mindfulness training to two mothers, and subsequently to their children, would have on compliance
by the children. Using a multiple baseline across mothers and children design, we found that giving a mother mindfulness training
enhanced compliance by her child. When the children were subsequently given similar training, compliance increased even more
markedly, and was maintained during follow-up. The mothers reported associated increases in satisfaction with the interactions
with their children and happiness with parenting. We suspect that the mindfulness training produces personal transformations,
both in parents and children, rather than teaching strategies for changing behavior. 相似文献
992.
Benedict C. Jones David R. Feinberg Patricia E. G. Bestelmeyer Lisa M. DeBruine Anthony C. Little 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2010,17(4):522-528
We investigated the effects of adaptation to mouth shapes associated with different spoken sounds (sustained /m/ or /u/) on
visual perception of lip speech. Participants were significantly more likely to label ambiguous faces on an /m/-to-/u/ continuum as saying /u/ following adaptation to /m/ mouth shapes than they
were in a preadaptation test. By contrast, participants were significantly less likely to label the ambiguous faces as saying /u/ following adaptation to /u/ mouth shapes than they were in a preadaptation
test. The magnitude of these aftereffects was equivalent when the same individual was shown in the adaptation and test phases
of the experiment and when different individuals were presented in the adaptation and test phases. These findings present
novel evidence that adaptation to natural variations in facial appearance influences face perception, and they extend previous
research on face aftereffects to visual perception of lip speech. 相似文献
993.
Angela Heine Verena Thaler Sascha Tamm Stefan Hawelka Michael Schneider Joke Torbeyns Bert De Smedt Lieven Verschaffel Elsbeth Stern Arthur M. Jacobs 《Infant and child development》2010,19(2):175-186
To date, a number of studies have demonstrated the existence of mismatches between children's implicit and explicit knowledge at certain points in development that become manifest by their gestures and gaze orientation in different problem solving contexts. Stimulated by this research, we used eye movement measurement to investigate the development of basic knowledge about numerical magnitude in primary school children. Sixty‐six children from grades one to three (i.e. 6–9 years) were presented with two parallel versions of a number line estimation task of which one was restricted to behavioural measures, whereas the other included the recording of eye movement data. The results of the eye movement experiment indicate a quantitative increase as well as a qualitative change in children's implicit knowledge about numerical magnitudes in this age group that precedes the overt, that is, behavioural, demonstration of explicit numerical knowledge. The finding that children's eye movements reveal substantially more about the presence of implicit precursors of later explicit knowledge in the numerical domain than classical approaches suggests further exploration of eye movement measurement as a potential early assessment tool of individual achievement levels in numerical processing. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
994.
Jazmine Espejo Eric Anthony Day Ginamarie Scott 《Personality and individual differences》2005,38(8):1867-1877
We proposed that intermittent evaluations of performance could be used to promote the acquisition of a complex skill. We also hypothesized that trainees low in need for cognition (NFC) would benefit more from intermittent evaluations compared to trainees high in NFC. Accordingly, 106 young adult males participated in 5 h of training in order to learn a complex computer task that simulated the demands of a dynamic aviation environment. Trainees’ performance was assessed either intermittently during training or at the end of training. Results indicated that intermittent performance evaluations enhanced the skill-based learning of trainees low in NFC, whereas intermittent skill evaluations tended to undermine the skill-based learning of trainees high in NFC. The findings are discussed in relation to Deci’s (1975) theory of intrinsic motivation and the need for more research examining attribute–treatment interactions with respect to training and skill acquisition. 相似文献
995.
Keith DeRose discusses 'third-person cases', which appear to raise problems for John Hawthorne's invariantist approach to knowledge-attributions. I argue that there is a prima facie problem for invariantism stemming from third-person cases that is even worse than DeRose's. Then I show that in the end, contrary to appearances, third-person cases do not threaten invariantism. 相似文献
996.
Situations can be seen as having attributes or qualities in much the same way as people have traits. The structure of people's perceptions of these situation qualities was explored. A comprehensive list of adjectives that might describe situations was generated, and people rated situations using samples of the words. Across several samples of words and participants and several analytic methods, four factors show up regularly (positivity, negativity, productivity, and ease of negotiation). In a second study, it was shown that these factors predict the way in which people freely sort situations. The conceptual nature of these factors and of situation qualities is discussed, with particular emphasis on how people's goals and perceived outcomes influence their perceptions of situations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
997.
Given the low incidence of marriage breakdown in Malta, this study investigates the level of marital satisfaction among Maltese couples and how they manage conflict between them. One particular interest in conducting this study has been that of exploring how cultural beliefs shape marital relationships and to what extent Maltese clinicians can rely on the Anglo-American literature in their clinical work with married couples. Three hundred and fifty-four randomly selected couples answered a self-administered questionnaire simultaneously and separately. A number of findings, namely the influence of a child-oriented family in the level of marital satisfaction and the predominance of a constructive style of conflict resolution, differed from those we normally find in the Anglo-American literature. The study addresses the importance of taking into account the cultural context when working with couples. The implications for practice of the various beliefs embedded in the culture are highlighted. 相似文献
998.
Christine J. Yeh Pei‐Wen Ma Anvita Madan‐Bahel Carla D. Hunter Sunna Jung Angela B. Kim Kyoko Akitaya Kiyoko Sasaki 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2005,83(2):172-182
The authors investigated the process of cultural adjustment among 13 Korean immigrant youths using consensual qualitative research (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997). Results indicate that Korean youth are expected to negotiate and shift their identities to meet differing expectations across various interpersonal contexts. Participants also report struggling to balance “American” and “Korean” cultural values and norms and to use social support networks, such as family and friends, to deal with the stress of acculturation. 相似文献
999.
Rhonda M. Bryant Angela D. Coker Beth A. Durodoye Vivian J. McCollum Sherlon P. Pack‐Brown Madonna G. Constantine Beverly J. O'Bryant 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2005,83(3):313-319
African American female counseling professionals contribute greatly to the multicultural growth of the counseling profession by spurring the profession's evolution and defining new paradigms and counseling activities. Despite their contributions, they face serious organizational, intrapersonal, and interpersonal challenges to their success in academia. This article seeks to elucidate the challenges to African American female counseling professionals and offers systemic and personal strategies that will facilitate the profession's evolution to culturally competent, ethical, and intentional helping orientations and worldviews. 相似文献
1000.
Monica Gilbert Tina Cicolini Anthony Mander 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2005,23(1):71-77
With the advanced deinstitutionalization of the treatment of the mentally ill, the public mental health services in many parts
of Australia are facing serious difficulties in providing adequate community-based treatment to the large numbers of individuals
in need. Overreliance on medication and a diminishing supply of suitably trained therapists may result in an increasing proportion
of patients being denied the benefit of optimal treatment and care which should include evidence-based psychological and behavioral
approaches. In this communication we describe a day program, designed and implemented in Perth, Western Australia, which combines
individual and group therapy provision, and is closely integrated with both primary care and the specialist mental health
services. The program provides an alternative to in-patient admission and is cost-effective by reducing the demand for acute
hospital beds. It is acceptable to patients and produces measurable improvements in symptoms, functioning and subjective well-being.
Address correspondence to Anthony Mander, ENHANCE, Inner City Mental Health Service, Royal Perth Hospital, Box X2213, Perth
6000, Western Australia. 相似文献