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981.
982.
Bekker MJ Cumming TD Osborne NK Bruining AM McClean JI Leland LS 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(2):327-331
This experiment investigated the combined use of visual prompts, daily feedback, and rewards to reduce electricity consumption in a university residential hall. After a 17-day baseline period, the experimental intervention was introduced in the intervention hall, and no change was made in the control hall. Energy usage decreased in the intervention hall, but energy usage did not change appreciably in the control hall. In the intervention hall, mean daytime and nighttime savings were 16.2% and 10.7%, respectively, compared to savings of 3.8% (day) and 6.5% (night) in the control hall. 相似文献
983.
Applying signal-detection theory to the study of observer accuracy and bias in behavioral assessment
Lerman DC Tetreault A Hovanetz A Bellaci E Miller J Karp H Mahmood A Strobel M Mullen S Keyl A Toupard A 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(2):195-213
We evaluated the feasibility and utility of a laboratory model for examining observer accuracy within the framework of signal-detection theory (SDT). Sixty-one individuals collected data on aggression while viewing videotaped segments of simulated teacher-child interactions. The purpose of Experiment 1 was to determine if brief feedback and contingencies for scoring accurately would bias responding reliably. Experiment 2 focused on one variable (specificity of the operational definition) that we hypothesized might decrease the likelihood of bias. The effects of social consequences and information about expected behavior change were examined in Experiment 3. Results indicated that feedback and contingencies reliably biased responding and that the clarity of the definition only moderately affected this outcome. 相似文献
984.
Eunice Y. Chen Daniel le Grange Angela Celio Doyle Shannon Zaitsoff Peter Doyle James P. Roehrig Blaine Washington 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2010,40(4):219-224
This case series aims to examine the preliminary efficacy, acceptability and feasibility of Family-Based Treatment to promote
weight restoration in young adults with anorexia nervosa. Four young adults with sub/threshold anorexia nervosa were provided
11–20 sessions of Family-Based Treatment for young adults with pre-, post- and follow-up assessments. At post- and follow-up,
3/4 participants were in the normal weight range, 3/4 were in the non-clinical range on the Eating Disorders Examination and
reported being not/mildly depressed. At post-treatment, 2/4 were in the good psychosocial functioning range and by follow-up,
3/4 were in this range. These results suggest that Family-Based Treatment for young adults with anorexia nervosa is a promising
treatment. 相似文献
985.
Carole Bourne Burgoyne Janet Reibstein Anne Mary Edmunds David Anthony Routh 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(5):390-403
This paper explores conceptions of commitment and styles of money management in heterosexual couples at two points in time: Just before the wedding (T1) and about a year later (T2). It also examines the potential effects of using FOCCUS as a form of marriage preparation (MP). Forty‐two couples were recruited at T1 and randomly allocated to either A MP group and a group that would not be offered any marriage preparation ‐ the Non‐Marriage Preparation group (NMP). Individual, in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews were carried out at T1 and T2, recorded and fully transcribed. A thematic analysis (TA) yielded three themes or levels of commitment which were used to categorize couples at T1 and T2. Their money management styles were defined based on Pahl's ( 1989 ) typology. The results showed that conceptions of commitment had developed slightly overall by T2, and had been enhanced in the MP group. At T2, a more elaborated conception of commitment was associated with a greater tendency to treat money as a collective resource. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
986.
Jean E. Dumas Ximena Arriaga Angela Moreland Begle Zayra Longoria 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(2):176-187
This paper describes the Spanish adaptation of PACE—Parenting Our Children to Excellence. Successfully offered in preschools and daycare centers since 2002, PACE is a research-based preventive intervention to support families in their parenting task through discussions and activities that address practical childrearing issues and promote child coping-competence. Developed in response to community calls, the new program is known as CANNE –Criando a Nuestros Niños hacia el Éxito. The paper makes the processes linking original and adapted versions explicit by accounting for the conceptual and practical decisions that were made as CANNE was being developed. We begin by summarizing the challenges of adapting and translating a behavioral intervention, and by describing the coping-competence model that informs both versions of the program. We turn then to a detailed account of the adaptation itself and of its results. Specifically, we describe: (a) the consultation process at the origin of this adaptation, (b) the adaptation of the manual and the steps taken to establish the extent to which the English and Spanish versions correspond (adaptation fidelity), and (c) the translation of the manual and the cross-language comparison of measures to demonstrate that they yield comparable data when administered in English and Spanish. 相似文献
987.
Vieira ML Seidl-de-Moura ML Macarini SM Martins GD Lordelo Eda R Tokumaru RS Oliva AD 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2010,13(2):818-826
This study aimed to investigate characteristics of Brazilian mothers' beliefs system, in the dimensions of autonomy and interdependence. A group of 600 women, half from state capitals and half from small towns, participated in the study. They were individually interviewed with Scales of Allocentrism, Beliefs about Parental Practices and Socialization Goals. Paired and Independent samples t tests and Multivariate GLM were performed. The results indicate that although mothers from both contexts value autonomy, mothers inhabiting small towns considered the relational dimension as the most important; whereas mothers inhabiting capitals valued equally both dimensions, either in their beliefs about practices or in the socialization goals for their children. Mothers from small towns have a higher mean score for allocentrism than mothers living in capitals. Thus, place of residence proved to be a relevant variable in the modulation of maternal beliefs. Educational level was not a significant factor in the variables considered and with this group of mothers. The study results are discussed in terms of their contribution to the understanding of the complex relationship between dimensions of autonomy and interdependence in mothers' beliefs system. 相似文献
988.
This paper argues that there is a default presumption that punishment has some deterrent effect, and that the burden of proof
is upon those who allege that the costs of any particular penal system are insufficient to offset its deterrent benefits.
This burden of proof transmits to the discussion of international law, with the conclusion that it is those who oppose international
jurisdiction, rather than their opponents, who must prove their position. This they have so far failed to do. 相似文献
989.
It has been proposed that performance in the think – no think (TNT) task represents a laboratory analogue of the voluntary form of memory repression. The central prediction of this repression hypothesis is that performance in the TNT task will be influenced by emotional characteristics of the material to be remembered. This prediction was tested in two experiments by asking participants to learn paired associates in which the first item was either emotionally positive (e.g. joy) or emotionally negative (e.g. hatred). The second word was always emotionally neutral (e.g. socks). Consistent with the repression hypothesis, significant memory suppression was observed in both experiments following ‘no think’ instructions for memories associated with emotionally negative material. No suppression was observed for memories associated with emotionally positive information. Implications of these findings for the relationship between performance in the TNT task and the controversial notion of memory repression are considered. 相似文献
990.
Mindfulness Training for Parents and Their Children With ADHD Increases the Children’s Compliance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nirbhay N. Singh Ashvind N. Singh Giulio E. Lancioni Judy Singh Alan S. W. Winton Angela D. Adkins 《Journal of child and family studies》2010,19(2):157-166
Children with ADHD are often non-compliant with parental instructions. Various methods have been used to reduce problem behaviors
in these children, with medication and manipulation of behavioral contingencies being the most prevalent. An objection often
raised by parents is that these management strategies require them to impose external control on the children which not only
results in the children not learning self-control strategies, but also does not enhance positive interactions between them
and their parents. Studies have shown that providing mindfulness training to parents, without a focus on reducing problem
behaviors, can enhance positive interactions with their children and increase their satisfaction with parenting. We were interested
to see what effects giving mindfulness training to two mothers, and subsequently to their children, would have on compliance
by the children. Using a multiple baseline across mothers and children design, we found that giving a mother mindfulness training
enhanced compliance by her child. When the children were subsequently given similar training, compliance increased even more
markedly, and was maintained during follow-up. The mothers reported associated increases in satisfaction with the interactions
with their children and happiness with parenting. We suspect that the mindfulness training produces personal transformations,
both in parents and children, rather than teaching strategies for changing behavior. 相似文献