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211.
Ageing and the self-reference effect in memory 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The present study investigates potential age differences in the self-reference effect. Young and older adults incidentally encoded adjectives by deciding whether the adjective described them, described another person (Experiments 1 & 2), was a trait they found desirable (Experiment 3), or was presented in upper case. Like young adults, older adults exhibited superior recognition for self-referenced items relative to the items encoded with the alternate orienting tasks, but self-referencing did not restore their memory to the level of young adults. Furthermore, the self-reference effect was more limited for older adults. Amount of cognitive resource influenced how much older adults benefit from self-referencing, and older adults appeared to extend the strategy less flexibly than young adults. Self-referencing improves older adults' memory, but its benefits are circumscribed despite the social and personally relevant nature of the task. 相似文献
212.
Vowles KE McNeil DW Gross RT McDaniel ML Mouse A Bates M Gallimore P McCall C 《Behavior Therapy》2007,38(4):412-425
Psychosocial treatments for chronic pain are effective. There is a need, however, to understand the processes involved in determining how these treatments contribute to behavior change. Control and acceptance strategies represent two potentially important processes involved in treatment, although they differ significantly in approach. Results from laboratory-based studies suggest that acceptance-oriented strategies significantly enhance pain tolerance and behavioral persistence, compared with control-oriented strategies. There is a need, however, to investigate processes of acceptance and control directly in clinical settings. The present study investigated the effects of three brief instructional sets (pain control, pain acceptance, continued practice) on demonstrated physical impairment in 74 individuals with chronic low back pain using an analogue experimental design. After controlling for baseline performance, the pain acceptance group demonstrated greater overall functioning on a set of 7 standardized physical tasks relative to the other two groups, which did not differ from one another. Further, the acceptance group exhibited a 16.3% improvement in impairment, whereas the pain control group worsened by 8.3% and the continued practice group improved by 2.5%. These results suggest that acceptance may be a key process involved in behavior change in individuals with chronic pain. 相似文献
213.
Effects of classroom context on university students’ judgments about cheating: mediating and moderating processes 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Tamera Burton Murdock Angela D. Miller Amy Goetzinger 《Social Psychology of Education》2007,10(2):141-169
Hypothetical vignettes were used to examine the effects of classroom context variables (pedagogical quality and classroom
goal structure) on undergraduate (study 1) and graduate (study 2) students’ judgments about cheating. Consistent with attribution
theory and previous findings, poor (versus good) pedagogy and performance (versus mastery) goals structures resulted in more
teacher blame and less student blame for cheating, and cheating was rated as more acceptable and more likely in these situations.
Participants’ own prior cheating history but not their experience as a classroom teacher also affected these judgments. Relations
between classroom context variables and assigned blame for cheating were mediated by students’ assessments of the fairness
of the classroom situation. 相似文献
214.
Angela Kelly 《Journal of religion and health》2009,48(1):16-28
Using the example of the Catholic Church in Papua New Guinea (PNG), I detail how, through praxis, it has brought to life a
living theology of HIV and AIDS. In this way, the Catholic Church in PNG is responding faithfully to the epidemic. As a Christian
country with a generalised HIV epidemic, where the body of an individual is reconstituted through the liturgical practices
of baptism and Eucharist, theologically, in PNG the body of Christ has AIDS. In order to examine the ways in which the Catholic
Church in PNG has responded faithfully to the Christian body with AIDS, I do so in relation to the three theological virtues
of faith, hope and love.
相似文献
Angela KellyEmail: |
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Although females comprise 51% of the population, they are represented in less than that amount in children's literature. Psychologists and leaders of liberation groups affirm that gender stereotyping in children's books has detrimental effects on children's perception of women's roles. Therefore, illustrated children's books that view women positively can be used to eliminate these stereotypes. Eighty-three Notable Books for Children from 1995 to 1999 were analyzed for gender of main character, illustrations, and title. This research updated LaDow's content analysis method and revealed that contrary to earlier studies, steps toward equity have advanced based on the increase in females represented as the main character (S. LaDow, 1979). Although female representation has greatly improved since the 70s, gender stereotypes are still prevalent in children's literature. 相似文献
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Adolescents in rural areas use substances at rates comparable to urban adolescents; understanding causes of rural adolescent substance use is critical if prevention efforts are to succeed. The present review has three primary goals: (1) to define rural, (2) to evaluate the empirical evidence regarding correlates and causes of rural adolescent substance use from a social contextual framework (L. V. Scaramella, R. D. Conger, R. Spoth, & R. L. Simons, in press), and (3) to discuss the malleability of theoretically based risk or protective factors in rural settings. The review concludes with a discussion of the difficulties and challenges of implementing prevention programs in rural areas. 相似文献
220.
Angela Bryan Michael S. Schindeldecker Leona S. Aiken 《Journal of applied social psychology》2001,31(9):1911-1938
A model of condom‐use intentions and behavior that we previously developed for women was replicated and extended with heterosexual men (n= 203; M age = 20.1 years). The general determinants of intentions to use condoms were consistent for men and women. The predictors of general condom attitudes and condom‐use self‐efficacy differed across gender. Male condom‐use outcome beliefs and sexual self‐control emerged as predictors of sexually experienced men's condom attitudes and self‐efficacy, respectively. In a 3‐month follow‐up, intentions and sexual self‐control predicted condom‐use behavior. These findings have implications for specificity vs. generality in the correlates of common behaviors across groups, the study of gender differences in condom use, and the development of intervention content targeted to specific populations. 相似文献