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241.
The Little Six Personality Dimensions From Early Childhood to Early Adulthood: Mean‐Level Age and Gender Differences in Parents' Reports
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Christopher J. Soto 《Journal of personality》2016,84(4):409-422
The present research pursues three major goals. First, we develop scales to measure the Little Six youth personality dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism, Openness to Experience, and Activity. Second, we examine mean‐level age and gender differences in the Little Six from early childhood into early adulthood. Third, we examine the development of more specific nuance traits. We analyze parent reports, made using the common‐language California Child Q‐Set (CCQ), for a cross‐sectional sample of 16,000 target children ranging from 3 to 20 years old. We construct CCQ–Little Six scales that reliably measure each Little Six dimension. Using these scales, we find (a) curvilinear, U‐shaped age trends for Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness, with declines followed by subsequent inclines; (b) monotonic, negative age trends for Extraversion and Activity; (c) higher levels of Conscientiousness and Agreeableness among girls than boys, as well as higher levels of Activity among boys than girls; and (d) gender‐specific age trends for Neuroticism, with girls scoring higher than boys by mid‐adolescence. Finally, we find that several nuance traits show distinctive developmental trends that differ from their superordinate Little Six dimension. These results highlight childhood and adolescence as key periods of personality development. 相似文献
242.
We examined two forms of top-down effects on visual selection: (1) information held in working memory (WM) and (2) the semantic
relations between targets and distractors. We found that items held in WM affected search for a different target. This WM-based
interference effect generalized across different exemplars, even though participants could remember the specific exemplar
on the trial. This argues against a memory top-up account of performance. In addition, there was interference from distractors that were not held in WM but were semantically
related to the target. The effects of WM capture and the effects of capture by a distractor related to the target combined
additively. The data suggest that task-irrelevant information in WM and task-relevant templates for targets compete separately
for selection. The implications for understanding top-down processes in search are discussed. 相似文献
243.
Act-out and intermodal preferential looking (IPL) tasks were administered to 67 English children aged 2–0, 2–9 and 3–5 to assess their comprehension of canonical SVO transitive word order with both familiar and novel verbs. Children at 3–5 and at 2–9 showed evidence of comprehending word order in both verb conditions and both tasks, although children at 2–9 performed better with familiar than with novel verbs in the act-out task. Children at 2–0 showed no evidence of comprehending word order in either task with novel verbs; with familiar verbs they showed competence in the IPL task but not in the act-out task. The difference in performance for familiar and novel verbs from the same children at 2–0, on the IPL task, and at 2–9, on the act-out task, is consistent with the hypothesis that early linguistic/cognitive representations are graded in strength, with early representations still weak and very task dependent. However, these representations also become more abstract with development, as indicated by the familiarity effect even in the more sensitive IPL task. 相似文献
244.
Leonard Angel 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2010,67(3):141-156
First, some say that core physicalism is not anti-religion. I argue that this seems to be incorrect. Physical completeness
is a core element of contemporary physicalism; (the evidence for physical completeness is strong); and physical completeness
both logically and not strictly logically rejects many central religious views. Consequently, there is a sense in which core physicalism is, in an important way, anti-religion. Second, physical completeness positively supports
one significant religious view; and physical completeness permits one to hold two others. The view that physical completeness
supports states that there is no natural grounding of the ordinarily taken boundary of the human body. The two views that
physical completeness permits one to hold state that a person can be contrastlessly blissful in an ongoing way, and that a
person can experience something like light circulating through the ordinary body in an ongoing way. It is further maintained
that physicalism allows religious systems to develop in new forms. 相似文献
245.
The burnout syndrome is an important psychosocial risk in the job context, especially in professions with a strong social interaction, as in the case of teaching. High levels of burnout have been related to negative psychological indicators and hormonal alterations. This study compares job satisfaction and the cortisol awakening response (CAR) in teachers scoring high (HB) and low (LB) on burnout. HB teachers showed lower job satisfaction and no significant differences in the CAR when compared with the LB group. The results of the study suggest a general dissatisfaction with work along with a different functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in HB teachers. Although non significantly, they showed a lower magnitude of the CAR than LB teachers. When considering the whole sample, emotional exhaustion and depersonalization correlated negatively and personal accomplishment positively with each subscale of the job satisfaction questionnaire whereas cortisol levels or CAR did not correlate significantly with both burnout subscales and job satisfaction. These results should be taken into account when working to prevent burnout in teachers, as the modified parameters could be considered indicators of the onset or development of the syndrome. 相似文献
246.
Angel Fernandez Emiliano Diez María Angeles Alonso María Soledad Beato 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(3):577-583
The most frequent names in Spanish corresponding to a set of 247 pictures in the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) norms were
used as stimuli in a discrete free-association task. A sample of 525 Spanish-speaking participants provided the first word
that came to mind for each of the verbal stimuli. Responses were organized according to frequency of production in order to
prepare word-association norms for the set of stimuli. 相似文献
247.
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Maria Jesús Blasco Gemma Vilagut Jos Almenara Miquel Roca Jos Antonio Piqueras Andrea Gabilondo Carolina Lagares Victoria Soto‐Sanz Itxaso Alayo Carlos G. Forero Enrique Echeburúa Margalida Gili Ana Isabel Cebri Ronny Bruffaerts Randy P. Auerbach Matthew K. Nock Ronald C. Kessler Jordi Alonso 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2019,49(3):881-898
250.