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101.
Cultures of moderation and expression: emotional experience, behavior, and physiology in Chinese Americans and Mexican Americans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ethnographic accounts suggest that emotions are moderated in Chinese cultures and expressed openly in Mexican cultures. The authors tested this notion by comparing subjective, behavioral, and physiological aspects of emotional responses to 3 (warned, unwarned, instructed to inhibit responding) aversive acoustic startle stimuli in 95 Chinese Americans and 64 Mexican Americans. Subjective reports were consistent with ethnographic accounts; Chinese Americans reported experiencing significantly less emotion than Mexican Americans across all 3 startle conditions. Evidence from a nonemotional task suggested that these differences were not artifacts of cultural differences in the use of rating scales. Few cultural differences were found in emotional behavior or physiology, suggesting that these aspects of emotion are less susceptible to cultural influence. 相似文献
102.
Angel Aguilar-Alonso 《Personality and individual differences》1996,21(6):959-969
Previous research has provided conflicting accounts of the effects of personality on creative behaviour. This study examines the issue by means of factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. Different measures of creative behaviour and cognitive abilities are correlated with personal characteristics such as psychoticism, extraversion and other measures of personality. The results are consistent with the idea that different forms of creative behaviour are related to distinct characteristics of personality. 相似文献
103.
104.
Correction of tracking errors without sensory feedback 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
105.
Social reasoning and spatial paralogic 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
106.
Changing environmental context does not reliably affect memory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Most current theories of human memory propose that context, defined here as the time and place at which an event was experienced, forms an integral feature of the mnemonic representation of events. One way of investigating context is by manipulating the environmental context (which typically means the room in which the experiment takes place). The predominant result of this manipulation reported in the literature has been consistent with theory: Memory performance is better when the learning and testing environments are the same than when they differ. This article reports eight experiments that in aggregate challenge the reliability of this same-context advantage. Experiment 1 reported a failure to obtain a same-context advantage. Experiments 2–7 investigated various features of the design that might have reduced the effect. None of these experiments produced a reliable same-context advantage. Experiment 8 repeated the methodology of a published report of a same-context advantage with more than double the number of subjects, but failed to replicate the effect. An analysis of features of the experiments led to two suggestions for future investigations of the effects of changes in environmental context on memory. 相似文献
107.
Carneiro P Fernandez A Diez E Garcia-Marques L Ramos T Ferreira MB 《Memory & cognition》2012,40(2):252-265
Previous research using the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm has shown that lists of associates in which the critical
words were easily identified as the themes of the lists produce lower levels of false memories in adults. In an attempt to
analyze whether this effect is due to the application of a specific memory-editing process (the identify-to-reject strategy),
two experiments manipulated variables that are likely to disrupt this strategy either at encoding or at retrieval. In Experiment
1, lists were presented at a very fast presentation rate to reduce the possibility of identifying the missing critical word
as the theme of the list, and in Experiment 2, participants were pressed to give yes/no recognition answers within a very
short time. The results showed that both of these manipulations disrupted the identifiability effect, indicating that the
identify-to-reject strategy and theme identifiability play a major role in the rejection of false memories in the DRM paradigm. 相似文献
108.
Objective: To assess the role that social contextual factors exert on the way people with disproportionate short stature (dwarfism) cope with the negative consequences of discrimination. Method: Using multigroup structural equation modeling, we compare the coping process of people with dwarfism from Spain (N = 63) and the USA (N = 145), two countries that differ in the role played by organizations offering support to people with dwarfism. Results: In Spain, where organizational support is recent, a coping approach aimed at achieving integration with the majority group through limb-lengthening surgery prevails; in the USA, where the long-standing organization of people with dwarfism encourages pride in being a "little person" and positive intragroup contact, a coping strategy based on empowering the minority group dominates. Conclusions: Both strategies, each in its own context, are effective at protecting psychological well-being from the negative consequences of stigmatization; however, they exert their positive effects through different processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
109.
Previous comparative work has suggested that the mechanisms of object categorization differ importantly for birds and primates.
However, behavioral and neurobiological differences do not preclude the possibility that at least some of those mechanisms
are shared across these evolutionarily distant groups. The present study integrates behavioral, neurobiological, and computational
evidence concerning the “general processes” that are involved in object recognition in vertebrates. We start by reviewing
work implicating error-driven learning in object categorization by birds and primates, and also consider neurobiological evidence
suggesting that the basal ganglia might implement this process. We then turn to work with a computational model showing that
principles of visual processing discovered in the primate brain can account for key behavioral findings in object recognition
by pigeons, including cases in which pigeons’ behavior differs from that of people. These results provide a proof of concept
that the basic principles of visual shape processing are similar across distantly related vertebrate species, thereby offering
important insights into the evolution of visual cognition. 相似文献
110.
von Schwarz Ernst R. Franco Miguel Busse Nathalie Bidzhoian Sofiia Schwarz Aubriana Angel de Kiev Laurent Cleenewerck 《Journal of religion and health》2022,61(4):3177-3191
Journal of Religion and Health - In the daily practice of medicine, health care providers oftentimes confront the dilemma of offering ‘maximum care’ based on available technologies and... 相似文献