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61.
Jorg Huijding Andy P. Field Katrien Vandenbosch Machteld van Oeveren 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(6):471-477
We examined the effects of training to approach or avoid novel animals on fear-related responses in children. Ninety-five primary school children (9-13 years old) were instructed to repeatedly push away or pull closer pictures of novel animals. We tested whether this manipulation would lead to changes in self-reported attitudes, implicit attitudes, fear beliefs, and avoidance behaviors towards these animals.The training produced more positive self-reported attitudes towards the pulled animal and more negative attitudes towards the pushed animal. After the training, girls reported more fear and avoidance of the pushed animal than of the pulled animal, while such training effects were absent in boys. No significant training effects were observed on implicit attitudes. Interestingly, the level of anxiety disorder symptoms prior to training was related to some of the training effects: Stronger prior fear was related to stronger changes in self-reported attitudes, and in boys, also to fear beliefs.The finding that a simple approach-avoidance training influences children's fear-related responses lends support to general theories of fear acquisition in children as well as to models that try to explain the intergenerational transmission of anxiety. [184 words] 相似文献
62.
Andy Hamilton 《Synthese》2009,171(3):409-417
In The Blue Book, Wittgenstein defined a category of uses of “I” which he termed “I”-as-subject, contrasting them with “I”-as-object uses. The hallmark of this category is immunity to error through misidentification (IEM). This article extends Wittgenstein’s characterisation to the case of memory-judgments, discusses the significance of IEM for self-consciousness—developing the idea that having a first-person thought involves thinking about oneself in a distinctive way in which one cannot think of anyone or anything else—and refutes a common objection to the claim that memory-judgments exhibit IEM. 相似文献
63.
Andy Egan 《Synthese》2009,166(2):251-279
It’s a presupposition of a very common way of thinking about context-sensitivity in language that the semantic contribution
made by a bit of context-sensitive vocabulary is sensitive only to features of the speaker’s situation at the time of utterance.
I argue that this is false, and that we need a theory of context-dependence that allows for content to depend not just on
the features of the utterance’s origin, but also on features of its destination. There are cases in which a single utterance
semantically conveys different propositions to different members of its audience, which force us to say that what a sentence
conveys depends not just on the context in which it is uttered, but also on the context in which it is received. 相似文献
64.
65.
Sympathy for the Devil: Evidence That Reminding Whites of Their Mortality Promotes More Favorable Reactions to White Racists 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Greenberg Jeff Schimel Jeff Martens Andy Solomon Sheldon Pyszcznyski Tom 《Motivation and emotion》2001,25(2):113-133
Terror management research has often shown that after reminders of mortality, people show greater investment in and support for groups to which they belong. The question for the present research was whether or not this would extend to Euro American investment in their identification as White. Although it seemed unlikely that White participants would directly exhibit increased identification as Whites, we hypothesized that mortality salience would increase sympathy for other Whites who expressed racial pride or favoritism toward Whites. In support of the hypothesis, a White person expressing pride in his race was viewed by White participants as particularly racist relative to a Black person who does so in Study 1, but was deemed less racist after White participants were reminded of their own mortality in Study 2. Similarly, in Study 3, White participants rated an explicitly racist White employer as less racist when they were reminded beforehand of their own mortality. The results were discussed in terms of implications for affiliation with racist ideologies and terror management defenses. 相似文献
66.
Acquired stuttering subsequent to subcortical pathology of mesothalamus was observed in four neurosurgical subjects. The patients suffered from chronic pain, seizures, and somatosensory disorders. They also exhibited unpredictable and uncontrollable speech, spasmodic blocks which were devoid of accessory features, and adaptation effect. Therapeutic mesothalamic stimulation, used as a treatment of last resort to relieve the pain and associated symptoms, also had an ameliorating effect on the stuttering. Spontaneously occurring focal abnormal EEG discharges were anatomically delineated and used as a guide for therapeutic stimulation electrode placement. Attentuation of the abnormal discharges was followed by alleviation of symptoms. This investigation examines the clinical characteristics of stuttering in four neurosurgical patients and suggests an electropathologic basis for their mesothalamic-generated speech dysfluencies. The cooccurrence of pain, seizures, somatosensory disorders, and stuttering, and their concurrent amelioration, suggests that both chronic pain and stuttering may be implicated by similar or related reticular electropathologic generators, couched in overlapping reticular networks extending from the brain stem to the thalamus, and that the acquired stuttering may be recruited as one component of a larger syndrome complex. 相似文献
67.
Andrew A. Helwig 《Journal of Employment Counseling》1996,33(2):70-72
Book reviewed in this article: JobShtft: How to Prosper in a Workplace Without Jobs by William Bridges 相似文献
68.
69.
James P. Kahan Arthur W. Coston Richard A. Helwig Amnon Rapoport Thomas S. Wallsten 《Behavior research methods》1976,8(2):165-169
NPER II is an on-line PDP-11/45 computer program for studying bargaining and coalition formation processes within the framework of n-person games in characteristic function form. The extensive vocabulary of the program and its mode of operation are presented nontechnically, followed by an examination of a protocol from a sample four-person game. Improvements over a previous version of the program and applications to other experimental paradigms investigating coalition formation and bargaining are discussed in the last two sections of the paper. 相似文献
70.
The effect of thalamic stimulation in processing of verbal stimuli in dichotic listening tasks: a case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S C Bhatnager O J Andy E W Korabic R S Tikofsky V K Saxena R S Hellman B D Collier L D Krohn 《Brain and language》1989,36(2):236-251
In dichotic listening tasks, the (dominant) right ear's superiority in processing verbal stimuli has been attributed to its direct anatomic connection with the left dominant hemisphere. The role played by extralinguistic factors, such as attention and functional tuning of the associated cortical structures, has not been carefully examined. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the left thalamic electric stimulation on the processing (recognition and recall) of dichotically presented CVC verbal stimuli in a patient being treated for chronic pain. We report the positive effects of electric stimulation (confirmed by increased subcortical metabolic activity using SPECT, a brain imaging technique) on the processing of dichotically presented verbal stimuli. 相似文献