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61.
Sympathy for the Devil: Evidence That Reminding Whites of Their Mortality Promotes More Favorable Reactions to White Racists 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Greenberg Jeff Schimel Jeff Martens Andy Solomon Sheldon Pyszcznyski Tom 《Motivation and emotion》2001,25(2):113-133
Terror management research has often shown that after reminders of mortality, people show greater investment in and support for groups to which they belong. The question for the present research was whether or not this would extend to Euro American investment in their identification as White. Although it seemed unlikely that White participants would directly exhibit increased identification as Whites, we hypothesized that mortality salience would increase sympathy for other Whites who expressed racial pride or favoritism toward Whites. In support of the hypothesis, a White person expressing pride in his race was viewed by White participants as particularly racist relative to a Black person who does so in Study 1, but was deemed less racist after White participants were reminded of their own mortality in Study 2. Similarly, in Study 3, White participants rated an explicitly racist White employer as less racist when they were reminded beforehand of their own mortality. The results were discussed in terms of implications for affiliation with racist ideologies and terror management defenses. 相似文献
62.
Acquired stuttering subsequent to subcortical pathology of mesothalamus was observed in four neurosurgical subjects. The patients suffered from chronic pain, seizures, and somatosensory disorders. They also exhibited unpredictable and uncontrollable speech, spasmodic blocks which were devoid of accessory features, and adaptation effect. Therapeutic mesothalamic stimulation, used as a treatment of last resort to relieve the pain and associated symptoms, also had an ameliorating effect on the stuttering. Spontaneously occurring focal abnormal EEG discharges were anatomically delineated and used as a guide for therapeutic stimulation electrode placement. Attentuation of the abnormal discharges was followed by alleviation of symptoms. This investigation examines the clinical characteristics of stuttering in four neurosurgical patients and suggests an electropathologic basis for their mesothalamic-generated speech dysfluencies. The cooccurrence of pain, seizures, somatosensory disorders, and stuttering, and their concurrent amelioration, suggests that both chronic pain and stuttering may be implicated by similar or related reticular electropathologic generators, couched in overlapping reticular networks extending from the brain stem to the thalamus, and that the acquired stuttering may be recruited as one component of a larger syndrome complex. 相似文献
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The effect of thalamic stimulation in processing of verbal stimuli in dichotic listening tasks: a case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
S C Bhatnager O J Andy E W Korabic R S Tikofsky V K Saxena R S Hellman B D Collier L D Krohn 《Brain and language》1989,36(2):236-251
In dichotic listening tasks, the (dominant) right ear's superiority in processing verbal stimuli has been attributed to its direct anatomic connection with the left dominant hemisphere. The role played by extralinguistic factors, such as attention and functional tuning of the associated cortical structures, has not been carefully examined. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the left thalamic electric stimulation on the processing (recognition and recall) of dichotically presented CVC verbal stimuli in a patient being treated for chronic pain. We report the positive effects of electric stimulation (confirmed by increased subcortical metabolic activity using SPECT, a brain imaging technique) on the processing of dichotically presented verbal stimuli. 相似文献
65.
Andy Kukla 《Journal of research in personality》1974,7(4):374-383
Subjects worked on a task which was described as either easy or difficult. When the task was thought to be difficult, Ss high in resultant achievement motivation performed better than those low in resultant achievement motivation. However, when the task was perceived as easy, the high motive group performed worse than the low group. These results confirm a prediction from Kukla's attributional theory of performance, in which resultant achievement motivation is conceived as a measure of perceived ability. They are not, however, deriveable from Spence's theory of the effects on performance of objective task difficulty, nor from Weiner's hypothesis concerning the motivational effects of success and failure. On the other hand, Kukla's theory provides an explanation for both the data usually cited in support of Spence's position and those taken to confirm Weiner's hypothesis. The relationship between the present results and Atkinson's theory of achievement motivation, which also hypothesizes an effect of perceived difficulty on performance, is discussed. 相似文献
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The Dynamical Challenge 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent studies such as Thelen and Smith (1994), Kelso, (1995), Van Gelder, (1995), Beer, (1995), and others have presented a forceful case for a dynamical systems approach to understanding cognition and adaptive behavior. These studies call into question some foundational assumptions concerning the nature of cognitive scientific explanation and (in particular) the role of notions such as internal representation and computation. These are exciting and important challenges. But they must be handled with care. It is all too easy, in this debate, to lose sight of the explanatorily important issues and to talk at cross-purposes, courtesy of the (surprisingly) various ways in which different theorists often conceive the key terms. The primary goal of the present paper is thus a modest one: to begin to clarify just what is at issue and to highlight some of the most central and pressing concerns. In so doing, we may hope to develop a constructive framework for future debate. In addition, I try to open up a space of intermediate options—ways in which dynamical and representational/computational understandings may sometimes afford complementary (rather than competing) perspectives on adaptive success. 相似文献
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