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101.
Molly Andrews 《Political psychology》2019,40(3):433-447
Although there is widespread agreement with the argument that Hannah Arendt made more than half a century ago, that forgiveness is “one of the human faculties that make social change possible” (Misztal, 2011, p. 201), beyond this, there is little consensus of what it means. Applying a narrative structure to this discussion, there is a lack of clarity around questions of who, what, where, when, and why to forgive. This article will explore the politics of forgiveness in East Germany, where these issues have been hotly contested for more than 25 years. The data examined in this article suggest that the fraught process of forgiveness embodies not consensus but contest, as people disagree on key questions such as who has the right to forgive whom, for what, how long the window for the opportunity of forgiveness stays open, and even why these questions matter, not only for individuals but for the whole of society. 相似文献
102.
Performance of reaction time (RT) tasks was investigated in young children and adults to test the hypothesis that age-related differences in processing speed supersede a “global” mechanism and are a function of specific differences in task demands and processing requirements. The sample consisted of 54 4-year-olds, 53 5-year-olds, 59 6-year-olds, and 35 adults from Russia. Using the regression approach pioneered by Brinley and the transformation method proposed by Madden and colleagues and Ridderinkhoff and van der Molen, age-related differences in processing speed differed among RT tasks with varying demands. In particular, RTs differed between children and adults on tasks that required response suppression, discrimination of color or spatial orientation, reversal of contingencies of previously learned stimulus-response rules, and greater stimulus-response complexity. Relative costs of these RT task differences were larger than predicted by the global difference hypothesis except for response suppression. Among young children, age-related differences larger than predicted by the global difference hypothesis were evident when tasks required color or spatial orientation discrimination and stimulus-response rule complexity, but not for response suppression or reversal of stimulus-response contingencies. Process-specific, age-related differences in processing speed that support heterochronicity of brain development during childhood were revealed. 相似文献
103.
Michael W. Andrews 《Behavior research methods》1994,26(1):32-34
Monkeys of various species can use a joystick to perform a variety of computer-generated tasks. The purpose of this paper is to describe an automated system that determines which subject in a social group has completed a task. The system is based on a microchip that is easily injected into the forearm. The present paper demonstrates the technique with 1 animal that had a different chip in each arm. 相似文献
104.
Sally Andrews 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》1997,4(4):439-461
This paper reviews recent research on the effects of orthographic neighbors on visual word recognition in order to resolve apparently contradictory findings. The review reveals that the empirical evidence is not as contradictory as has been claimed. Neighbors have consistently been reported to facilitate responses to words in naming and lexical decision tasks. Inhibitory effects of neighbors appear to arise from sophisticated guessing strategies in the perceptual identification task or lexical decision strategies adopted in unusual stimulus environments. For English words, there is minimal evidence of competitive influences on lexical retrieval due to higher frequency neighbors. Such effects are more common in such languages as French and Spanish, perhaps because they embody a more consistent relationship between orthography and phonology. These findings provide important constraints on assumptions about the form of lexical representations and the parallel activation mechanisms assumed to underlie lexical retrieval. 相似文献
105.
Xiao-Bing Qian Orlando J. Andy Cora Dearman Michael Andrews Rob W. Rockhold 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1992,27(2):117-129
A variety of abnormal sensory/motor behaviors associated with electrical discharges recorded from the bilateral brainstem were induced in adult WKY rats by mechanical (electrode implants) and DC electrical current stimulations and by acute and chronic administration of cocaine. The electrode implant implicated one side or the other of the reticular system of the brainstem but subjects were not incapacitated by the stimulations. Cocaine (40 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously for an acute experiment and subsequent 20 mg/kg doses twice daily for 3 days in a chronic study. Cocaine generated more abnormal behaviors in the brainstem perturbation group, especially the electrically perturbated subjects. The abnormal behaviors were yawning, retrocollis, hyperactivity, hypersensitivity, “beating drum” behavior, squealing, head bobbing, circling, sniffing, abnormal posturing, and facial twitching. Shifts in the power frequency spectra of the discharge patterns were noted between quiet and pacing behavioral states. Hypersensitivity to various auditory, tactile, and visual stimulation was present and shifts in the brainstem ambient power spectral frequency occurred in response to tactile stimulation. These findings suggest that the brainstem generates and propagates pathological discharges that can be elicited by mechanical and DC electrical perturbation. Cocaine was found to activate the discharge system and thus induce abnormal behaviors that are generated at the discharge site and at distant sites to which the discharge propagates. Cognitive functions may also be involved since dopaminergic and serotonergic cellular elements at the brainstem level are also implicated. 相似文献
106.
Hans A Andrews 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1975,6(1):101-108
This study was designed to test and expand Holland's vocational development theory by utilizing more than a single high point code in classification of personality patterns of jobs. Significant positive results were obtained to support Holland's premise that people search out environments and, hence, vocations that are compatible with their personalities. A more “refined” and/or “subtle” difference was shown in the personality-job relationships when two high point codes were used. 相似文献
107.
Ryan D. Tweney Harry W. Hoemann Carol E. Andrews 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1975,4(1):61-73
Hierarchical cluster analysis of data from the sorting of noun words was used to compare semantic structures in 63 profoundly deaf and 63 hearing adolescents. In the first study, performance differed only for a set of words referring to sounds, where deaf persons have no experience, and not for a set of common noun words and pictures. In the second study, differences between matched sets of high- and low-imagery words were comparable for 63 deaf and 63 hearing subjects. It is concluded that deaf subjects manifested abstract hierarchical relations and were not dependent on visual mediators or hindered by the absence of acoustic mediators.This investigation was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Research Grant NS-09590-03 from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Stroke and in part by a Faculty Research Grant from Bowling Green State University.Portions of Study 1 were previously reported at the Eighty-first Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Montreal, 1973. 相似文献
108.
Therapist-administered desensitization was compared with a take-home manual for self-administering desensitization, where the self-administering subjects had varying degrees of contact with therapists. These treatments were compared with an attention-placebo procedure and no-treatment controls. None of the treatment procedures had any effect on behavioural manifestations of anxiety in public-speaking phobics, but all treatment subjects showed greater reductions in subjective anxiety than either of the control groups. The drop-out rate was greatest for the no-contact manual group indicating the value of brief supervision in its use. The implications of the failure to change overt behaviour in view of Paul's (1966) earlier findings, are discussed. 相似文献
109.
The aim is to test the following hypotheses. Since desensitization targets only “feelings” of anxiety, and skills training targets only overt behaviors, the predictions based on the earlier findings (Marshall, Presse and Andrews, 1976; Paul, 1966) are as follows: (a) the combination of skills training and desensitization will be more effective than desensitization alone, but no more effective than skills training alone, in reducing behavioral manifestations of anxiety; (b) the combination will be more effective than skills training alone, but no more effective than desensitization alone, in reducing subjective distress; (c) skills training will be more effective than desensitization in reducing behavioral manifestations of anxiety; and (d) desensitization will be more effective than skills training in reducing subjective distress. 相似文献
110.