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991.
992.
Hanna Wersebe Roselind Lieb Andrea H. Meyer Marcel Miche Thorsten Mikoteit Christian Imboden Jürgen Hoyer Klaus Bader Martin Hatzinger Andrew T. Gloster 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2018,18(3):201-208
Background/Objective: Lower levels in well-being have been observed in individuals with Major Depression (MDD) and Social Phobia (SP), but well-planned direct comparisons with control individuals, not suffering from a mental disorder, are lacking. Furthermore, MDD is highly comorbid with anxiety disorders, and SP with depressive disorders. This study is among the first to examine differences in well-being in individuals with a clinical diagnosis of MDD or SP compared to individuals with no such diagnosis and to test differences in well-being within the combined diagnostic categories respective with and without anxiety-depressive comorbidity. Method: Participants were 119 individuals with a diagnosis of MDD, 47 SP and 118 controls. Results: Results revealed that overall well-being as well as emotional, psychological, and social well-being were lower in the MDD and SP group compared to the control group. Individuals with comorbidity reported lower well-being than individuals without comorbidity. Conclusions: These findings have clinical implications as presence of comorbidity may require a different therapeutic approach than with no comorbidity. 相似文献
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995.
Griffith GM Hastings RP Nash S Petalas M Oliver C Howlin P Moss J Petty J Tunnicliffe P 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(2):165-177
The experiences of mothers of adult offspring with Angelman, Cornelia de Lange, or Cri du Chat syndrome have not been previously
explored in research. The current study focuses on experiences with social and medical services and the impact the rareness
of an adult offspring’s syndrome has on the experiences of mothers. Eight mothers of adults with Angelman, Cornelia de Lange,
or Cri du Chat syndrome were interviewed. Thematic Content Analysis was used to interpret the interviews. Four themes emerged
from the analysis: (i) The rarity of their offspring’s syndrome, (ii) Uneven medical and social care service provision, (iii)
The inertia of social care services, and (iv) Mothers as advocates. Mothers felt that the rareness of their offspring’s syndrome
did not affect experiences with social care services, but did affect access to medical services and some aspects of day-to-day
living. Accessing appropriate social care services was reported to be a lengthy and complex process. These data may help inform
care service providers about how best to support adults with rare genetic syndromes and their families. 相似文献
996.
Falcone DC Wood EM Xie SX Siderowf A Van Deerlin VM 《Journal of genetic counseling》2011,20(4):384-395
The most common genetic contributor to late-onset Parkinson disease (PD) is the LRRK2 gene. In order to effectively integrate LRRK2 genetic testing into clinical practice, a strategy tailored to the PD population must be developed. We assessed 168 individuals
with PD for baseline knowledge of genetics, perceived risk, and interest and opinions regarding genetic counseling and testing.
Most participants felt that they were familiar with general genetics terms but overall knowledge levels were low, with an
average score of 55%. The majority of participants thought it was likely they inherited a PD gene (72%), believed genetic
testing for PD would be useful (86%), and were interested in genetic testing (59%) and genetic counseling (56%). However,
only a few participants had heard of any genetic tests for PD (29%) or LRRK2 (10%). There appears to be a significant level of interest in genetics and genetic testing within the PD population, but
a considerable deficit in genetics knowledge and an over-estimation of risk. Genetic education and counseling tools to address
these needs were developed to provide patients with the ability to make informed and knowledgeable genetic testing decisions. 相似文献
997.
Receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) have been used extensively to study the processes underlying human recognition memory, and this method has recently been applied in studies of rats. However, the extent to which the results from human and animal studies converge is neither entirely clear, nor is it known how the different methods used to obtain ROCs in different species impact the results. A recent study used a response bias ROC manipulation with rats and demonstrated that speeding memory responses reduced the contribution of recollection, not familiarity. The current study confirms this finding in humans using a comparable response bias method. Moreover, a comparison of the response bias methods commonly used in animal studies and the confidence rating method typically employed in human studies produced similar ROC functions. The present results suggest that the analysis of recognition memory ROCs provides a fruitful method to bridge the human and animal memory literatures. 相似文献
998.
In multilevel modeling, group-level variables (L2) for assessing contextual effects are frequently generated by aggregating variables from a lower level (L1). A major problem of contextual analyses in the social sciences is that there is no error-free measurement of constructs. In the present article, 2 types of error occurring in multilevel data when estimating contextual effects are distinguished: unreliability that is due to measurement error and unreliability that is due to sampling error. The fact that studies may or may not correct for these 2 types of error can be translated into a 2 × 2 taxonomy of multilevel latent contextual models comprising 4 approaches: an uncorrected approach, partial correction approaches correcting for either measurement or sampling error (but not both), and a full correction approach that adjusts for both sources of error. It is shown mathematically and with simulated data that the uncorrected and partial correction approaches can result in substantially biased estimates of contextual effects, depending on the number of L1 individuals per group, the number of groups, the intraclass correlation, the number of indicators, and the size of the factor loadings. However, the simulation study also shows that partial correction approaches can outperform full correction approaches when the data provide only limited information in terms of the L2 construct (i.e., small number of groups, low intraclass correlation). A real-data application from educational psychology is used to illustrate the different approaches. 相似文献
999.
This article uses a general latent variable framework to study a series of models for nonignorable missingness due to dropout. Nonignorable missing data modeling acknowledges that missingness may depend not only on covariates and observed outcomes at previous time points as with the standard missing at random assumption, but also on latent variables such as values that would have been observed (missing outcomes), developmental trends (growth factors), and qualitatively different types of development (latent trajectory classes). These alternative predictors of missing data can be explored in a general latent variable framework with the Mplus program. A flexible new model uses an extended pattern-mixture approach where missingness is a function of latent dropout classes in combination with growth mixture modeling. A new selection model not only allows an influence of the outcomes on missingness but allows this influence to vary across classes. Model selection is discussed. The missing data models are applied to longitudinal data from the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study, the largest antidepressant clinical trial in the United States to date. Despite the importance of this trial, STAR*D growth model analyses using nonignorable missing data techniques have not been explored until now. The STAR*D data are shown to feature distinct trajectory classes, including a low class corresponding to substantial improvement in depression, a minority class with a U-shaped curve corresponding to transient improvement, and a high class corresponding to no improvement. The analyses provide a new way to assess drug efficiency in the presence of dropout. 相似文献
1000.
Using a quantitative–qualitative mixed design, the current study investigated relationship violence within 35 gay male couples
living in Santiago, Cuba. Informants narrated how violence was enacted within their relationship. Qualitative analyses revealed
men’s construction of masculinity and the sequelae of economic hardships—which led to economic emasculinization—were primary
contributors to relationship abuse. Gendered interpretations to the display of heightened masculinity contributed to intimate
partner violence. Enacted interpersonal violence was not meaningfully associated with alcohol consumption or to personality
measures. We suggest the economic constraints that are perceived by couples to precipitate relational stress may be similar
across heterosexual and gay/lesbian couples, and that the relational power accorded to economic privilege cannot be aligned
fully by gender. 相似文献