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991.
Attentional templates regulate competitive interactions among attended visual objects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In two experiments, we examined the mechanisms responsible for creating a zone of interference surrounding an attended visual object (see, e.g., Mounts & Gavett, 2004). In Experiment 1, the similarity between attended stimuli and noise items was manipulated in order to contrast an account based on competitive interactions between attended items with an account based on inefficient filtering of unattended stimuli. Consistent with the competitive interaction account, the data revealed that similarity between attended items increased the strength of localized interference, whereas similarity of noise items to the attended stimuli did not. Experiment 2 showed that the interference observed between attended items was determined by their match to attentional templates. 相似文献
992.
Andrew Cullison 《Philosophical Studies》2007,136(3):305-318
By exploiting a concept called ways of believing, I offer a plausible reformulation of the doctrine of privileged access.
This reformulation will provide us with a defense of compatibilism, the view that content externalism and privileged access
are compatible. 相似文献
993.
Zekeri AA 《Psychological reports》2007,101(2):641-642
A case is made that a clear understanding of premature mortality of Status Indians due to suicide, homicide, and motor vehicle accidents must begin with a clear idea of what the indicator, potential years of life lost before age 75 (PYLL), is, and how it was measured or calculated. 相似文献
994.
The effect of retrieval practice on memory for brand attributes was examined. Participants were presented with advertisements for fictional products so each contained a number of brand attributes relating to the nature of the product and its qualities. Following this, participants practiced recalling a subset of those attributes either 3 or 6 times. The act of retrieving some brand information inhibited the recall of other brand information that was not practiced, but only when repeated retrieval practice took place 6 times. This is the first demonstration of inhibitory effects in consumers' memory using the retrieval practice paradigm. 相似文献
995.
A great deal has been written about the nature of borderline personality. We maintain that borderline psychopathology emanates from particular disturbances in mental representations-impairment in the ability to maintain and use benign and integrated internal images of self and others-and that these troubled ways of thinking drive the troubled interpersonal relations, affective instability, and impulsivity associated with borderline. Aspects of borderline self-other representational disturbances are present across a wide theoretical spectrum, and a number of research methodologies already exist to assess the phenomena. We conclude that borderline attributes exist on continua, and summarize important features as: (1) unstable mental images of self and others, often marked by self-loathing and attributions of malevolence to others; (2) interactions with others organized around a fundamental need for care that is felt to be necessary for basic functioning; (3) fear of others based on expectations of being mistreated and disappointed and/or terror of having one's identity subsumed by another person; (4) difficulty considering multiple and/or conflicting perspectives, with a tendency toward concrete, all-or-none, or black-and-white, thinking and distortion of reality; and (5) sadomasochistic interpersonal interactions in which a person alternatively inflicts suffering on others and suffers at the hands of others. 相似文献
996.
Why older adults make more immediate treatment decisions about cancer than younger adults 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Literature relevant to medical decision making was reviewed, and a model was outlined for testing. Two studies examined whether older adults make more immediate decisions than younger adults about treatments for prostate or breast cancer in authentic scenarios. Findings clearly showed that older adults were more likely to make immediate decisions than younger adults. The research is important because it not only demonstrates the consistency of this age-related effect across disease domains, gender, ethnic groups, and prevalent education levels but begins to investigate a model to explain the effect. Major reasons for the effect focus on treatment knowledge, interest and engagement, and cognitive resources. Treatment knowledge, general cancer knowledge, interest, and cognitive resources relate to different ways of processing treatment information and preferences for immediate versus delayed decision making. Adults with high knowledge of treatments on a reliable test tended to make immediate treatment decisions, which supports the knowledge explanation. Adults with more cognitive resources and more interest tended to delay their treatment decisions. Little support was found for a cohort explanation for the relationship between age and preference for immediate medical decision making. 相似文献
997.
Jonathan W. Kanter Patrick S. Mulick Andrew M. Busch Kristoffer S. Berlin Christopher R. Martell 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(3):191-202
In Behavioral Activation (BA) for depression (Martell, C. R., Addis, M. E., & Jacobson, N. S. (2001)), which has recently
received empirical support in a large randomized trial, therapists pay close attention to the function of behavior and the
role of aversive controlling stimuli and escape and avoidance behavior in depression. A key variable to measure in studies
of BA is when and how clients become more activated over the course of treatment. This study sought to develop an initial
set of items for the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale (BADS), submit these items to an exploratory factor analysis
in an initial administration (Study 1, N = 391), and submit the resulting scale to a confirmatory factor analysis in a second administration (Study 2, N = 319). Results indicated four factors (Activation, Avoidance/Rumination, Work/School Impairment, and Social Impairment)
with good factor structure, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Evidence for construct and predictive validity
is presented. 相似文献
998.
The purpose of this research was to develop a structural equation model that tested the effects of emotional reactivity on
the relational health of a representative sample of 736 premarital couples. We hypothesized that partners’ perceived family-of-origin
experience would be predictive of partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ emotional reactivity. These reports were
hypothesized to predict partners’ reports of their own and their partners’ ability to manage conflict, which were hypothesized
to predict relationship satisfaction. Overall, the model fit the data quite well, with particularly interesting differences
by gender. We discuss the model’s fit within the larger body of literature, the potential implications and limitations of
our findings, and future research considerations.
Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
999.
Previous research has found environmental context effects for both conceptual explicit and conceptual implicit memory (Parker, Gellatly, & Waterman, 1999). The research presented here challenges these findings on methodological grounds. Experiment 1 assessed the effects of context change on category-exemplar generation (conceptual implicit memory test) and category-cued recall (conceptual explicit memory test). Experiment 2 assessed the effects of context change on word association (conceptual implicit memory test) and word associate cued recall (conceptual explicit memory test). In both experiments, study-test changes in environmental context were found to influence performance only on tests of explicit memory. It is concluded that when retrieval cues across explicit and implicit tests are matched, and the probability of explicit contamination is reduced, then only conceptual explicit test performance is reduced by study-test changes in environmental context. 相似文献
1000.
Color and Psychological Functioning 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ABSTRACT— Color is a ubiquitous perceptual experience, yet little scientific information about the influence of color on affect, cognition, and behavior is available. Accordingly, we have developed a general model of color and psychological functioning, which we present in this article. We also describe a hypothesis derived from this model regarding the influence of red in achievement contexts. In addition, we report a series of experiments demonstrating that a brief glimpse of red evokes avoidance motivation and undermines intellectual performance, and that it has these effects without conscious awareness or intention. We close with thoughts on the need for rigorous scientific work on color psychology. 相似文献