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251.
The current research was designed to examine objective and contextual factors related to the appraisal of potentially sexually harassing situations. Working female participants (n = 208) from a mid-sized southwestern university completed a workplace experiences survey in small groups. The majority of participants were Hispanic/Latina (77.9%). We predicted that characteristics of personal harassment experiences (e.g., number of distinct types of behaviors experienced, frequency, duration) and bystander harassment experiences would contribute independently to how upset women were by their own sexual harassment experiences. Results indicated that characteristics of personal harassment experiences and bystander experiences did predict how upset women were by their own gender harassment and by unwanted sexual attention experiences. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering multiple types of workplace stressors (e.g., personal and bystander sexual harassment experiences) and their relation to the appraisal process. 相似文献
252.
Philosophical Studies - According to relational egalitarians, equality is not primarily about the distribution of some good but about people relating to one another as equals. However, compared... 相似文献
253.
Andreas Kemmerling 《Erkenntnis》2007,66(1-2):187-202
Frank Jackson has a new objectivist and representationalist account of the content of colour-experience. I raise several objections
both against the account itself and, primarily, against how he tries to support it. He argues that the new account enables
us to see what is wrong with the so-called Opacity Puzzle. This alleged puzzle is an argument in which a seemingly implausible
conclusion is derived from three premises of which seem plausible to an representationalist. Jackson’s diagnosis of the puzzle
as a fallacy of equivocation is mistaken. The term “the property of being red” is not ambiguous in the way he claims it to
be, and the puzzling argument is valid. Moreover, its conclusion is not implausible, so after all there is no real puzzle.
I try to show how Jackson’s wrong diagnosis results from neglecting the difference between properties proper and properties
as conceived in the light of a given property-concept. 相似文献
254.
Separating cue encoding from target processing in the explicit task-cuing procedure: are there "true" task switch effects? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Arrington CM Logan GD Schneider DW 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2007,33(3):484-502
Six experiments were conducted to separate cue encoding from target processing in explicitly cued task switching to determine whether task switch effects could be separated from cue encoding effects and to determine the nature of the representations produced by cue encoding. Subjects were required to respond to the cue, indicating which cue was presented (Experiments 1, 3a, and 4a) or which task was cued (Experiments 2, 3b, and 4b), before performing the cued task on the target. Cue encoding was successfully separated from target processing when the cue response indicated which task was cued but not when it indicated which cue was presented. Task switch effects were found when this separation was successful, suggesting that there are "true" task switch effects independent of cue encoding. Analysis of the conditions required for successful separation suggested that cue encoding results in a semantic categorical representation of the task to be performed rather than verbal or phonological representations of individual cues. Implications for the authors' past modeling of task-switching performance are discussed. 相似文献
255.
256.
Zusammenfassung Seit einiger Zeit wird auch in der Psychotherapie – so wie in anderen Bereichen der Medizin – eine intensive und kontroverse Diskussion über die wissenschaftlichen Standards und deren Praxisrelevanz geführt. Dabei nehmen Fragen der Qualitätssicherung und der Entwicklung von Leitlinien einen zunehmenden Raum ein. Von besonderer Bedeutung sind in diesem Zusammenhang die Evidence Based Medicine (EbM) und ihre methodischen Standards, in deren Mittelpunkt experimentelle Therapiestudien stehen. Im Beitrag wird das Konzept der Evidence Based Medicine im Kontext der Psychotherapie (Evidence based Psychotherapy) vorgestellt und unter methodischen und inhaltlichen Gesichtspunkten diskutiert. Eine zentrale Frage ist dabei die inhaltliche Aussagekraft und die Übertragbarkeit von wissenschaftlichen Befunden auf die klinische Praxis. 相似文献
257.
Andreas Woyke 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2007,38(2):329-345
Nanotechnology seems to be a new “key-discipline”, which should lead to basic changes in many areas of living and producing.
This estimation is questioned by a comparison with established technologies, which reach from heat engines to biotechnology.
In this line it is possible to come to a more realistically assessment of nanotechnology. “Technologies” in the narrower sense
are understood as techniques based scientifically and integrated systematically into a network. The development of these technologies
starts first in the early modern times. Before this background the established technologies are characterised looking at relevant
questions and problems, the role of researchers and inventors, the importance of theoretical foundations, important applications
and innovations, as well as the relevance of visions and then confronted with nanotechnology in its present state. It is accentuated
that there are no explicit theories and no specific applications of nanotechnology and it seems to be only a kind of chemical
technology.
相似文献
Andreas WoykeEmail: |
258.
Gamma oscillations distinguish true from false memories 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sederberg PB Schulze-Bonhage A Madsen JR Bromfield EB Litt B Brandt A Kahana MJ 《Psychological science》2007,18(11):927-932
ABSTRACT— To test whether distinct patterns of electrophysiological activity prior to a response can distinguish true from false memories, we analyzed intracranial electroencephalographic recordings while 52 patients undergoing treatment for epilepsy performed a verbal free-recall task. These analyses revealed that the same pattern of gamma-band (28–100 Hz) oscillatory activity that predicts successful memory formation at item encoding—increased gamma power in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and left temporal lobe—reemerges at retrieval to distinguish correct from incorrect responses. The timing of these oscillatory effects suggests that self-cued memory retrieval begins in the hippocampus and then spreads to the cortex. Thus, retrieval of true, as compared with false, memories induces a distinct pattern of gamma oscillations, possibly reflecting recollection of contextual information associated with past experience. 相似文献
259.
Adolescent participation in structured activities, meaning those with adult leaders, regular meetings, and skill-building activities, is related to good adjustment. Participation in unstructured, unsupervised, peer-oriented activities is related to poor adjustment. Structured activity participation is high in early adolescence and then declines, raising the question of why youths leave structured activities. The authors examined explanations involving parents and peers. They used longitudinal data from 861 youths (ages 13-17 years). Results showed that, compared with youths who stayed in structured activities, those who switched to hanging out on the streets were less likely to have peers in structured activities and had less positive feelings about the home context and more negative interactions with parents. In addition, delinquency predicted switching to hanging out in the streets and never joining structured activities in the first place. The results concerning parents support a theoretical explanation of how parents might unintentionally affect youths' leisure choices. Furthermore, the authors found some indications that positive feelings at home might protect youths who switch from structured activities to hanging out on the streets from increases in delinquency. 相似文献
260.
Recently, it has been shown that the perceived times of voluntary movements and their effects are perceived as shifted towards each other. This temporal binding phenomenon was explained by an integrated representation of movement and effect, facilitating operant learning and the experience of intentionality. Here, we investigated whether temporal binding depends on explicit intentional attributions. In Experiment 1, participants intended to either produce or avoid producing an effect (a tone) by the timing of their movements, with the ratio of success being fixed at 2:1. In Experiments 2 and 3, the influence of the action-effect contingency ratio on temporal binding was controlled for by removing the intentional attribution of the effect. The results indicate that temporal binding is a general associative mechanism that facilitates the learning of movement-effect contingencies. Beyond that, temporal binding is sensitive to explicit intentional attributions, which selectively enhance the link between an intentional movement and the effect a moving agent intends to produce. 相似文献