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101.
Nina?Romanczuk-SeiferthEmail author Chantal?M?rsen Andreas?Heinz 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2016,10(3):155-163
Pathological gambling is characterized by excessive gambling behavior which influences the life and well-being of a person in a dysfunctional way. It often leads to severe consequences in social and family life, career and material matters. This can also include illegal acts. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) excessive gambling was classified under impulse-control disorders but was renamed as gambling disorder (GD) and reclassified under the category “substance-related and addictive disorders” in DSM-5, due to parallels to substance use disorders in the clinical characteristics as well as genetic and neurobiological factors. In Germany, approximately 0.5?% of the adult population suffer from GD. Especially gambling machines are associated with an increased risk of gambling-related problems. Common comorbidities are substance-related and affective disorders. The most important risk factors are young age, male gender, a history of migration, gambling-related problems in the family, unemployment, a low educational level and low household income. Delinquent behavior was not considered to be a sufficiently discriminative factor for GD, although there is a correlation between delinquency and gambling behavior. In addition, those GD subjects who show delinquent behavior also show a specific risk profile. Thus, mental health professionals should be aware of possible psychosocial consequences in GD, such as illegal acts, and this should be addressed in the effective treatment strategies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy. Moreover, it is necessary to improve the access routes for affected people into healthcare system in order to ensure early detection and treatment of the disease. 相似文献
102.
Frederick L. Coolidge Daniel L. Segal Joseph C. Pointer E. Andreas Knaus Tomoko G. Yamazaki Carolyn Smith Silberman 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》2000,6(1):63-72
It has been hypothesized that some types of personality disorders tend to remit with age whereas others may become more prominent. The present study determined the prevalence and nature of 13 personality disorders with a self-report inventory (Coolidge Axis II Inventory) in an older group of chronically mentally ill inpatients (N = 30, mean age = 63 years) and a younger group of similar patients (N = 30, mean age = 39 years). All patients met DSM-IV criteria for either Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, or recurrent severe Major Depression with psychotic features. The prevalence rate of personality disorders was high for both groups: 58% for the older sample and 66% for the younger group. The younger group was more likely to be diagnosed Antisocial, Borderline, Passive-Aggressive, Sadistic, and Schizotypal, but the groups were not different in the rates of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. This study supports the hypothesis that some personality disorders remit with age. However, no evidence was found to suggest that other personality disorders become more prominent in older adult psychiatric populations. Suggestions for future research are offered. 相似文献
103.
With about 28,000 asylum requests a year since 1990, Switzerland is one of the western countries with the highest inflow of refugees. The aim of this article is to answer two questions: What is the role of refugees in the Swiss economy? and what are the factors influencing their incorporation into the labour market? The research is based on the multivariate analysis of an individual database of 110,000 asylum seekers and refugees, in-depth interviews and 174 questionnaires to refugees and employers. 相似文献
104.
Marie-Louise Käsermann Andreas Altorfer Klaus Foppa Stefan Jossen Heinrich Zimmermann 《Behavior research methods》2000,32(1):33-46
The drawbacks of traditional research into emotional processes have led us to develop a set of methodologies for investigating them in everyday face-to-face communication. The conceptual basis of these procedures is a model of the eliciting conditions of emotional processes as well as a conceptualization of the emotional processes themselves. On the basis of the assumption of conversation as a rule-governed process, one can describe its default temporal, formal, and functional features, for which we use the MAS EDIT and SEQ programs, and the minimal model of communicative exchange, respectively. Violations of these default rules can be identified as unexpected/temporally unpredictable events eliciting emotionalization. The nature of emotionalization is determined by the psychological principle of “standard and deviation.” Its investigation under natural conditions requires the following: A noninvasive method of data acquisition (including procedures for rejecting faulty or missing values), measurement (high-resolution recording of physiological, psychomotor, and vocal variables), and the (nonstatistical) construction of an inventory or “relevant effects” (contrastive and template analysis). Finally, we depict three routes of investigating time courses of activation changes as dependent and independent variables and as a target of modification and reflection. 相似文献
105.
Stefan Jossen Marie-louise Käsermann Andreas Altorfer Klaus Foppa Heinrich Zimmermann Hans-peter Hirsbrunner 《Behavior research methods》2000,32(1):47-55
Traditional methods of analyzing human peripheral blood flow (PBF) do not account for its continuous nature or small-scale
variation. Sequel transformation is presented as a new methodology for measuring these variations. This analysis generates
a richer record of aspects of activation of the autonomous nervous system than traditional interbeat-interval (IBI) measurement.
Presumably, in addition to heartbeat (i.e., IBI), other information can be extracted that is consistent with the influence
of several physiological and psychological factors. This kind of variation is reflected in the PBF signal. After determining
and extracting relevant events from vascular volume data generated by sequel transformation, we demonstrate the use of template
analysis to analyze patterns of events as time courses of activation. All procedures are included in the computer program
VASC Analyzer. 相似文献
106.
In this paper we intend to examine whether there are examples for emergence to be found in physics. The answer depends on the concept of emergence one invokes. We distinguish two such concepts, those of Broad and Kim. We will argue that it is unlikely that there will be examples with respect to the former because it runs counter to an explanatory strategy that is both well entrenched in physical practice and to a certain degree flexible. On the other hand we will argue that all those physical systems that provide an example for supervenience are at the same time examples for emergence - at least if one defines emergence the way Kim does. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
Stefan Stefa-Missagli MSc PsyD PhD Human-Friedrich Unterrainer PhD PsyD Giancarlo Giupponi MD Sandra-Johanna Holasek PHD Hans-Peter Kapfhammer MD Andreas Conca MD Michela Sarlo PhD Denise Erbuto PhD Elena Rogante PsyD Heidrun Moujaes-Droescher MD Katrin Davok PsyD PhD Isabella Berardelli MD PhD Karolina Krysinska PhD Karl Andriessen PhD David Lester PhD Maurizio Pompili MD PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2020,50(1):220-232
110.
Anja Hilbert Stephan Herpertz Stephan Zipfel Brunna Tuschen-Caffier Hans-Christoph Friederich Andreas Mayr Ross D. Crosby Martina de Zwaan 《Behavior Therapy》2019,50(1):115-125
Rapid response is considered the most well-established outcome predictor across treatments of binge-eating disorder (BED), including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This study sought to identify latent trajectories of early change in CBT and compare them to common rapid response classifications. In a multicenter randomized trial, 86 adults with BED (DSM-IV) or subsyndromal BED provided weekly self-reports of binge eating over the first 4 weeks of CBT, which were analyzed to predict binge eating, depression, and body mass index at posttreatment, 6-, and 18-month follow-up. Using latent growth mixture modeling, three patterns of early change—including moderate and low decreasing—as well as low stable binge eating were identified, which significantly predicted binge-eating remission at 6-month follow-up. Other classifications of rapid response based on Receiver Operating Characteristics curve analyses or on the literature (≥ 10% reduction in binge eating at week 1, ≥ 70% reduction in binge eating at week 4) only predicted posttreatment remission or overall depression, respectively. Latent change trajectories, but not other rapid response classifications, predicted binge-eating frequency over time. A fine-grained analysis of change over the first 4 weeks of CBT for BED revealed different trajectories of early change in binge eating that led to an improved prediction of binge-eating outcome, compared to that of common rapid response classifications. Thorough monitoring of early change trajectories during treatment may have clinical utility. 相似文献