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201.
Karwautz A Troop NA Rabe-Hesketh S Collier DA Treasure JL 《Journal of personality disorders》2003,17(1):73-85
Information on the relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and personality disorders (PDs) and dimensions of temperament and character (measured by the Temperament and Character Inventory [TCI; Cloninger, Przybeck Svrakic, & Wetzel, 1994]) is limited. This study examines the predictive validity of the TCI for PD diagnoses assessed by the International Personality Disorder Examination-ICD-10 (IPDE-ICD-10; Loranger, Janca, & Sartorius, 1997) interviews of 46 women with DSM-IV-defined AN. Patients with a PD reported higher levels of harm-avoidance and lower levels of self-directedness than those without a PD. Scores on the TCI were predictive of the number of PD features present, particularly for those PDs in the anankastic, anxious, and dependent groups accounting for 40% to 51% of the variance. Cluster analysis based on scores on the TCI identified a subgroup of patients characterized by low levels of novelty seeking, self-directedness, and cooperativeness and high levels of harm avoidance. This cluster included the majority of those with avoidant, anxious, or dependent PDs. Assessment of particular personality dimensions was able to predict PDs in an anorexic sample. Since normal personality dimensions have greater validity than the categorical PDs, a consideration of normal temperament and character may assist in clinical decisionmaking and considerations concerning treatment. 相似文献
202.
In this article, a modified variant of the Affective Simon Task (AST; De Houwer & Eelen, 1998) is presented as a measure of implicit evaluations of single stimuli. In the AST, the words "good" or "bad" have to be given as responses depending on the color of the stimuli. The AST was combined with an evaluation task to increase the salience of the valence of the presented stimuli. Experiment 1 investigated evaluations of schematic faces showing emotional expressions. In Experiment 2 we measured the valence of artificial stimuli that acquired valence in a game context during the experiment. Both experiments confirm the validity of the modified AST. The results also revealed a dissociation between explicit and implicit evaluations. 相似文献
203.
Eugen Diesch Paul Iverson Andreas Kettermann Claudia Siebert 《Psychological research》1999,62(1):1-19
In a study of the internal category structure of the vowel /i/, Kuhl found a “perceptual magnet effect”: Discrimination sensitivity
was poorer for category instances that were acoustically similar to the category prototype than it was for category instances
that were not. The typicality of category exemplars was determined by goodness judgments and was found to correlate with the
acoustics of average production. Analysis and interpretation of discrimination performance relied on two important assumptions:
that listeners perceived all stimuli presented as exemplars of the same vowel category and that, apart from the influence
of phonetic coding, discrimination sensitivity was the same across the investigated part of the vowel space. In the present
study, it is shown that production and perception estimates of the category prototype may diverge, possibly because listeners
seem to prefer hyperarticulated variants of vowel categories. An approach towards measurement of intra-category discrimination
minima is put forward and tested that protects against intercategory confounds and avoids the isosensitivity assumption.
Received: 26 November 1997 / Accepted: 25 May 1998 相似文献
204.
Heiko Hecht Markus Oesker Andreas Kaiser Hakan Civelek Thomas Stecker 《Behavior research methods》1999,31(3):439-445
The World-Wide Web offers a potentially interesting tool to collect data from a large and heterogeneous audience. While questionnaires have become rather common on the Internet, its potential reaches far beyond text processing. In principle, it is possible not only to perform interactive, dynamic experiments on the Web, but also to include graphical animation and time-critical responses, such as reaction times. We implemented a visual motion extrapolation task on the Web using the programming language Java, which can be interpreted by standard Web browsers such as Netscape or Internet Explorer. The data collected with this method turned out to be reliable and differed little from data obtained in a controlled laboratory setting, with the exception of conditions with fixation instruction. Thus, the Web can, generally speaking, be used for data collection of large sample sizes. The strengths and weaknesses of dynamic visual simulation experiments on the Internet are discussed. 相似文献
205.
Rupert Hölzl Andreas Möltner Claus W. Neidig 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1999,34(4):269-284
Clinical and experimental evidence on referred pain and spinal-afferent convergence demonstrates a close relationship between
visceral and somatosensory perception, which is important for current models of symptom perception and central body representation.
The study uses a psychophysical approach to quantify these interactions at the perceptual level, taking into account problems
of comparable intermodal scaling and the role of awareness. An experiment on somatosensory masking of distension stimuli in
the colon is reported in which a multiple staircase method of forced choice discrimination with concurrent sensation ratings
was employed. Results showed perceptual masking of visceral by abdominal stimuli but not vice versa. The masking effect was
not enhanced by intratomal placement of the abdominal stimulus in the lower left quadrant. This contradicts the spinal sensory
convergence model and points to perceptual interactions at higher brain levels. Loglinear analysis of relations between discrimination
and subjective sensation revealed qualitative differences of somatovisceral perception at the preconscious as compared to
the conscious level. This argues for a two-process model of integrative body perception. 相似文献
206.
Can there be rules of language which serve both to determine meaning and to guide speakers in ordinary linguistic usage, i.e., in the production of speech acts? We argue that the answer is no. We take the guiding function of rules to be the function of serving as reasons for actions, and the question of guidance is then considered within the framework of practical reasoning. It turns out that those rules that can serve as reasons for linguistic utterances cannot be considered as normative or meaning determining. Acceptance of such a rule is simply equivalent to a belief about meaning, and does not even presuppose that meaning is determined by rules. Rules that can determine meaning, on the other hand, i.e., rules that can be regarded as constitutive of meaning, are not capable of guiding speakers in the ordinary performance of speech acts. 相似文献
207.
Andreas Christmann 《Islam & Christian-Muslim Relations》1998,9(2):149-169
In the light of his outstanding reputation and great influence on life in modern Syria, it is amazing that Shaykh Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al‐Būti's work and thought are under‐represented to the extent of being almost unknown in European academic literature. This article is a first attempt at a broader European appraisal of al‐Būti's life and work. It paints a portrait of a thinker who represents the majority of Sunni Islam or the ‘middle path Islam’ in Syria, finding its place between the current realities of a secular state and an ideal Islamic society. The article first introduces the biographical details of al‐Būti's life and the main intellectual influences of people and events around him, then his ?uvre, style and personality. Secondly, it explores his main ideas and views, taking into account the fact that he writes and speaks in two different roles: as an Islamic scholar and as a religious leader, which is perhaps a unique position in modem Syria. 相似文献
208.
Dana Unger Angelika Kornblum Gudela Grote Andreas Hirschi 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2023,96(1):144-164
The necessity to actively manage the work–home boundaries has drastically increased. We postulate that work–home integration may affect individuals' subjective career success via its positive effects on work goal attainment and exhaustion. Furthermore, we study perceived supervisor expectation for employee work–home integration as a boundary condition. Our three-wave online survey with 371 employees showed support for the two hypothesized moderated mediation effects. Work–home integration preference is indirectly related to subjective career success: (1) positively via home-to-work transitions and work goal attainment and (2) negatively via home-to-work transitions and exhaustion. Perceived supervisor expectation constrained work–home integration preference's direct effect on home-to-work transitions and indirect effects on subjective career success. Exploratory analysis revealed that exhaustion negatively affected all career success dimensions, whereas work goal attainment was only related to some. Our results indicate that supervisor expectation can override the effect of employee's work–home integration preference on home-to-work transitions which have a double-edged sword effect on subjective career success. Our study contributes to integrating the careers and work–life interface literature and incorporating contextual factors. Furthermore, with the exploration of differential effects on subjective career success, we advance our understanding of this outcome's nomological network. 相似文献
209.
Animal Cognition - Incorporating novel food sources into their diet is crucial for animals in changing environments. Although the utilization of novel food sources can be learned individually,... 相似文献
210.
Mathias Blanz Amlie Mummendey Rosemarie Mielke Andreas Klink 《European journal of social psychology》1998,28(5):697-729
Taken from literature on social identity theory and social comparison theory, 12 strategies of identity management were identified as possible responses to negative social identity. A taxonomy with two orthogonal axes is proposed as theoretical organization of these diverse strategies. While the first axis considers responses as being either individual or collective, the second axis refers to the distinction between behaviours and cognitions. It is assumed that the German unification process implied a lower status position of East Germans relative to West Germans on relevant comparison dimensions, and that East Germans have to deal with this threat to their identity. Hence, data of an East German sample are used to empirically systematize identity management strategies, and, thus, to test the proposed taxonomy. Results support the expected four-factor solution only for those strategies taken from social identity theory, while the responses derived from social comparison research build a fifth factor. In addition, the empirical assignments of strategies to cells of the taxonomy are only partly in line with the expected pattern. The empirical findings suggest some clarification and modifications of the proposed response taxonomy. The most important refers to a re-interpretation of the taxonomy's first axis, which now differentiates between responses according to the specific changes of the comparison parameters they imply. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献