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941.
Paolo Boccara Andrea Gaddini Giuseppe Riefolo 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2009,69(4):348-362
In this paper we first make a differentiation between phenomena that can be defined as spontaneous and others that can be defined as authentic. We then attempt to present authenticity as a process rather than an outcome. Finally, we try to understand the location of authentic phenomena in the sensorial and pre-symbolic communicative register. We situate authentic phenomena in the register of sensorial and pre-symbolic communication. The authentic process becomes manifest, step by step in the analytic process (Borgogno, 1999), through the vivid iconic and sensorial elements that happen to cross the analytic field. Through two brief clinical vignettes, we seek to document the progression of the analytic process, in one case through the analyst's capacity for rêverie (Bion, 1962; Ogden, 1994, 1997; Ferro, 2002, 2007), and in the other through the sensorial elements with which analyst and patient are able to tune in to each other. 相似文献
942.
Piero De Giacomo Luciano L’Abate Francesco Margari Wanda Santamato Andrea De Giacomo Rita Masellis Vito D’Agostino 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2009,39(3):165-169
This article presents a program based on the Elementary Pragmatic Model and on the administration of a test consisting of
90 sentences with a strong psychological impact interactively presented to participants. Data emerging from this procedure
are calculated according to four coordinates and 16 relational functions processed on a grid defined by a table of 256 possible
interactions. From these interactions three final states were found to constitute essentially the bottom line of the human
mind. The program indicates how certain sentences could be selected systematically to lead initially deviant participants
toward more statistically average patterns, in terms of coordinates, functions, interactions, and final states. 相似文献
943.
Andrea Kohn Maikovich Karestan C. Koenen Sara R. Jaffee 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(5):727-737
Very few studies have prospectively examined sex differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms and symptom trajectories in
youth victimized by childhood sexual abuse. This study addresses that question in a relatively large sample of children, drawn
from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, who were between the ages of 8–16 years and who were reported
to Child Protective Services for alleged sexual abuse. Sex differences were examined using t tests, logistic regression, and
latent trajectory modeling. Results revealed that there were not sex differences in victims’ posttraumatic stress symptoms
or trajectories. Whereas caseworkers substantiated girls’ abuse at higher rates than boys’ abuse and rated girls significantly
higher than boys on level of harm, there were not sex differences in three more objective measures of abuse severity characteristics.
Overall, higher caseworker ratings of harm predicted higher initial posttraumatic stress symptom levels, and substantiation
status predicted shallower decreases in trauma symptoms over time. Implications for theory and intervention are discussed. 相似文献
944.
Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi Andrea Corsonello Luigi Trojano Claudio Pedone Domenico Acanfora Aldo Spada Gianni D’Addio Roberto Maestri Franco Rengo Giuseppe Rengo 《Brain and cognition》2009
We studied 54 patients with hypoxemic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Mini Mental State Examination and the Mental Deterioration Battery were used for neuropsychological assessment. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed based on 24-h Holter ECG recording. Mann–Whitney test was used to compare HRV parameters of patients performing normally or abnormally on individual neuropsychological tasks. Spearman’s rho was used to investigate the correlations between HRV parameters and neuropsychological scores, indexes of health status or COPD severity. Patients with defective performance at copying drawings with landmarks (CDL) test (N = 23) had lower very low frequency (VLF) power with respect to patients with normal performance (N = 31) (24 h: median 213; interquartile range 120–282 vs. 309; 188–431 ms2, p = 0.043; daytime: 202; 111–292 vs. 342; 194–397 ms2, p = 0.039). The CDL score correlated with the VLF power (24 h: ρ = 0.27, p = 0.049; daytime: ρ = 0.30, p = 0.028), and the normalized low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio (24 h: ρ = 0.27, p = 0.05; daytime: ρ = 0.33, p = 0.015). Sympathetic modulation decreased for increasing severity of COPD. In conclusion, drawing impairment correlates with depressed sympathetic modulation in patients with COPD, and both might be indexes of COPD severity. 相似文献
945.
Perceived discrimination is a stressor, related to both negative physical and mental health outcomes. Utilizing a sample of 259 undergraduate females from the northeast region of the U.S., the present study examined a model that tested the direct, indirect, and mediated relations among perceived sexist discrimination, psychological distress, self-esteem, and sense of personal control. Path analysis of the model indicated that (a) perceived sexism was related to greater psychological distress, with personal control partially mediating this link and (b) perceived sexism was not related to self-esteem. The path model accounted for 28% of the variance in self-esteem and 37% of the variance in psychological distress. Implications of the findings for women’s health are discussed. 相似文献
946.
Andrea Bosco Giulio E. Lancioni Marta Olivetti Belardinelli Nirbhay N. Singh Mark F. O’Reilly Jeff Sigafoos 《Cognitive processing》2009,10(4):355-359
A diagnosis of vegetative state represents a serious predicament, which basically precludes/minimizes rehabilitation perspectives.
Reliability of the assessment approach in these situations is of paramount importance, but not easy to achieve. In recent
studies, a learning assessment procedure has been suggested as a supplement in the diagnostic process and assessed with eight
patients. The procedure involves an ABABCB sequence in which A represents baseline phases with no stimulation available, B
intervention phases with stimuli delivered contingently on target responses, and C a control condition. This condition involves
stimulation presented non-contingently. The patients’ ability to associate responding with environmental stimuli and thus
increase such responding during the B phases, and reduce it during the A and C phases, may be considered a sign of learning.
Learning might be viewed as representative of forms of concrete knowledge and presumably basic levels of consciousness. Preliminary
results indicate that (a) signs of learning may appear in patients with a previous diagnosis of vegetative state and (b) the
presence of those signs may require a revision of their diagnostic label and a reappraisal of their rehabilitation perspectives. 相似文献
947.
Yoon, Cole and Lee's review suggests two strategies to address elderly individuals' limitations in processing information and decision making. One is accommodation, which entails designing information processing and judgment tasks so that they are compatible with the elderly's resource limitations. The other strategy involves stimulating self-regulation. Here the premise is that elderly individuals often have the resources necessary to engage in a task, but only activate them in response to explicit directions. We discuss whether this observation reflects older individuals' inability to activate self-regulation strategies spontaneously, or their purposive rationing of their limited resources so they remain available for more profound activities. 相似文献
948.
Tiffany Kodak Andrea Clements Chris Ninness 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(4):839-843
Previous studies have identified a number of effective teaching procedures to increase verbal behavior in individuals with developmental disabilities. However, few studies have evaluated modifications of treatment procedures when children fail to acquire communication skills. In the present investigation, a 4‐year‐old boy with autism failed to acquire unprompted mands and tacts during mand‐only and tact‐only training. Results indicated that combining echoic training with mand or tact training increased unprompted manding and tacting. 相似文献
949.
We present an experiment in which we explored the extent to which visual speech information affects learners’ ability to segment
words from a fluent speech stream. Learners were presented with a set of sentences consisting of novel words, in which the
only cues to the location of word boundaries were the transitional probabilities between syllables. They were exposed to this
language through the auditory modality only, through the visual modality only (where the learners saw the speaker producing
the sentences but did not hear anything), or through both the auditory and visual modalities. The learners were successful
at segmenting words from the speech stream under all three training conditions. These data suggest that visual speech information
has a positive effect on word segmentation performance, at least under some circumstances. 相似文献
950.
We demonstrate here that initially neutral items can acquire specific value based on their associated outcomes, and that responses of physiological systems to such previously meaningless stimuli can rapidly reflect this associative history. Each participant participated in an associative learning task in which four neutral abstract pictures were each repeatedly paired with one of four foods that varied in valence and magnitude. Over the course of learning, participants’ “liking” ratings of and preferences for each picture came to reflect the value of the food with which it was paired. The abstract pictures also elicited physiological responses characteristic of the foods with which they were paired, including changes in facial electromyography (EMG) and preferential looking. A logistic modeling procedure showed that learning parameters, such as the rate at which participants learned the values associated with the pictures, were similar across food outcomes of different value. 相似文献