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931.
932.
Michael C. Anderson Benjamin J. Levy 《Current directions in psychological science》2009,18(4):189-194
ABSTRACT— When reminded of something we would prefer not to think about, we often try to exclude the unwanted memory from awareness. Recent research indicates that people control unwanted memories by stopping memory retrieval, using mechanisms similar to those used to stop reflexive motor responses. Controlling unwanted memories is implemented by the lateral prefrontal cortex, which acts to reduce activity in the hippocampus, thereby impairing retention of those memories. Individual differences in the efficacy of these systems may underlie variation in how well people control intrusive memories and adapt in the aftermath of trauma. This research supports the existence of an active forgetting process and establishes a neurocognitive model for inquiry into motivated forgetting. 相似文献
933.
Miriam Rosenberg-Lee Marsha C. Lovett John R. Anderson 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(3):270-285
Recent research into math cognition has identified areas of the brain that are involved in number processing (Dehaene, Piazza,
Pinel, & Cohen, 2003) and complex problem solving (Anderson, 2007). Much of this research assumes that participants use a
single strategy; yet, behavioral research finds that people use a variety of strategies (LeFevre et al., 1996; Siegler, 1987;
Siegler & Lemaire, 1997). In the present study, we examined cortical activation as a function of two different calculation
strategies for mentally solving multidigit multiplication problems. The school strategy, equivalent to long multiplication,
involves working from right to left. The expert strategy, used by “lightning” mental calculators (Staszewski, 1988), proceeds
from left to right. The two strategies require essentially the same calculations, but have different working memory demands
(the school strategy incurs greater demands). The school strategy produced significantly greater early activity in areas involved
in attentional aspects of number processing (posterior superior parietal lobule, PSPL) and mental representation (posterior
parietal cortex, PPC), but not in a numerical magnitude area (horizontal intraparietal sulcus, HIPS) or a semantic memory
retrieval area (lateral inferior prefrontal cortex, LIPFC). An ACT-R model of the task successfully predicted BOLD responses
in PPC and LIPFC, as well as in PSPL and HIPS. 相似文献
934.
Martin J. Doherty James R. Anderson Lynne Howieson 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,104(3):296-312
Two studies examined development of the ability to judge what another person is looking at. In Study 1, 54 2- to 4-year-olds judged where someone was looking in real-life, photograph, and drawing formats. A minority of 2-year-olds, but a majority of older children, passed all tasks, suggesting that the ability arises at around 3 years of age. Study 2 examined the fine-grained gaze judgment of 76 3- to 6-year-olds and 15 adults using gaze differences of 10° and 15°. Development of gaze judgment was gradual, from chance at 3 years of age to near adult-level performance at 6 years of age. Although performance was better when a congruent head turn was included, 3-year-olds were still at chance on 10° head turn trials. The findings suggest that the ability to explicitly judge gaze is novel at 3 years of age and develops slowly thereafter. Therefore, the ability does not develop out of earlier gaze following. General implications for the evolution and development of gaze processing are discussed. 相似文献
935.
Craig A. Anderson Nicholas L. Carnagey 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(4):731-739
Three experiments examined the impact of excessive violence in sport video games on aggression-related variables. Participants played either a nonviolent simulation-based sports video game (baseball or football) or a matched excessively violent sports video game. Participants then completed measures assessing aggressive cognitions (Experiment 1), aggressive affect and attitudes towards violence in sports (Experiment 2), or aggressive behavior (Experiment 3). Playing an excessively violent sports video game increased aggressive affect, aggressive cognition, aggressive behavior, and attitudes towards violence in sports. Because all games were competitive, these findings indicate that violent content uniquely leads to increases in several aggression-related variables, as predicted by the General Aggression Model and related social-cognitive models. 相似文献
936.
Shayne R. Anderson Brock W. Sumner Andrea Parady Jason Whiting Rachel Tambling 《Family process》2020,59(4):1447-1464
Parents who are engaged in protracted conflict following a divorce are often referred to coparenting therapy. Episodes of intense conflict are common during these therapy sessions and often result in coparents disengaging from the therapist while they engage in escalating conflict with each other, potentially disrupting their progress in therapy. The purpose of this study was to identify how therapists successfully re-engage clients in the session. To understand this process, 24 disengagement events (12 successful and 12 unsuccessful) from 13 cases were analyzed using a task analytic approach. The sample included coparent dyads referred by the judicial system to a high-conflict coparenting therapy program. Task analysis was used to create a model of how re-engagement unfolds in treatment. The empirical model that resulted has five phases: (1) disengagement from the therapeutic process, (2) disruption of the conflict, (3) de-escalating the most escalated coparent, (4) de-escalating the other coparent, and (5) therapist buffered re-engagement. Successful episodes of re-engagement tended to have therapists who remained active throughout the conflict episode, used structuring interventions aimed at disrupting and then regulating the most escalated partner, blocked attempts to re-engage in conflict, and then repeated this process with the less escalated partner. Additional interventions that promote therapeutic re-engagement are described for each phase, and implications for clinicians and researchers are discussed. 相似文献
937.
Liao Ming-Ray Grégoire Laurent Anderson Brian A. 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2020,82(6):2802-2813
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics - Motivated attention can be driven by the desire to maximize gains or escape punishment. In the Stroop task, when rewards can be obtained by responding... 相似文献
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940.
Breanne A. Mertz Ashley Hass Kelley Cours Anderson Timothy Kaskela Louis J. Zmich 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2024,23(2):321-335
The crossroads of scholar and marketer concerns related to healthy social media usage is where this study extends the burgeoning literature on consumer well-being in the digital area by exploring the topic of social media wellness, made more salient during the pandemic era. Consumers spend increasing amounts of time on social media despite experiencing numerous negative repercussions. Various disciplines have contributed to the examination of this topic; however, scant research has been conducted within the consumer research or marketing disciplines. Therefore, this paper aims to shed light on the need for social media wellness by (1) highlighting issues related to social media consumption, (2) introducing a conceptual definition of social media wellness, (3) exploring consumers' perceptions and experiences of social media usage through topic analysis, and (4) providing a research agenda for scholars to pursue. Following an exploratory observation of common topics surrounding social media wellness, specific hashtags and their corresponding posts were gathered from Twitter and then examined using the topic modeling method Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Implications and future research are discussed accordingly. 相似文献