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131.
132.
Anders Petersen S?ren Kyllingsb?k Claus Bundesen 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2012,19(6):1029-1046
Attentional dwell time (AD) defines our inability to perceive spatially separate events when they occur in rapid succession. In the standard AD paradigm, subjects should identify two target stimuli presented briefly at different peripheral locations with a varied stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The AD effect is seen as a long-lasting impediment in reporting the second target, culminating at SOAs of 200?C500?ms. Here, we present the first quantitative computational model of the effect??a theory of temporal visual attention. The model is based on the neural theory of visual attention (Bundesen, Habekost, & Kyllingsb?k, Psychological Review, 112, 291?C328 2005) and introduces the novel assumption that a stimulus retained in visual short-term memory takes up visual processing-resources used to encode stimuli into memory. Resources are thus locked and cannot process subsequent stimuli until the stimulus in memory has been recoded, which explains the long-lasting AD effect. The model is used to explain results from two experiments providing detailed individual data from both a standard AD paradigm and an extension with varied exposure duration of the target stimuli. Finally, we discuss new predictions by the model. 相似文献
133.
Wiens S Molapour T Overfeld J Sand A 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2012,12(1):151-160
Previous research suggests that intense, emotional pictures at fixation elicit an early posterior negativity (EPN) and a late
positive potential (LPP) despite manipulations of spatial inattention and perceptual load. However, if high emotional intensity
protects against such manipulations, then these manipulations should reduce emotional effects on EPN and LPP more strongly
for medium than for intense emotional pictures. To test this prediction, pictures that were high negative, medium negative,
or neutral were shown at fixation, and a small letter string was superimposed on the picture center. When participants attended
the pictures, there were clear emotional effects on EPN and LPP. When participants attended the letter string, the emotional
effects on LPP decreased; this decrease was smaller for medium than for high negative pictures. Thus, opposite of predictions,
spatial inattention reduced the emotional effects more strongly for high than for medium negative pictures. As a manipulation
of perceptual load, participants performed the letter task with one, three, or six relevant letters. Irrespective of load,
EPN and LPP were similar for high and medium negative pictures. Our findings suggest that high negative valence does not protect
EPN and LPP more strongly from effects of spatial inattention and perceptual load than does medium negative valence. 相似文献
134.
Anders Ackfeldt 《Contemporary Islam》2012,6(3):283-296
The common history of Islam and the hip-hop culture can be traced back to the early expression of the culture. Since the early days of hip-hop, Muslims have used hip-hop to convey Islamic messages. Artists driven, in equal parts, by a strong personal belief in Islam and a love for hip-hop music have taken Islamic-themed hip-hop outside its country of birth, the U.S., and have made it into a matter of global concern. In an attempt to contribute to and, hopefully, complicate the picture of what has been called the transglobal hip-hop umma, this article explores how Swedish Muslims articulate their beliefs through hip-hop in Sweden. With examples from both the Swedish mainstream and the underground, it highlights hip-hop music with an Islamic engagement whose aim is to promote and perform what is understood as ??Islamic values,?? such as ethics, peace, social responsibility, and a strong personal belief. 相似文献
135.
136.
Psychometrika - In psychometrics, the canonical use of conditional likelihoods is for the Rasch model in measurement. Whilst not disputing the utility of conditional likelihoods in measurement, we... 相似文献
137.
Anders Kraal 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2014,75(3):189-196
In seeking to undermine Mackie’s logical argument from evil, Plantinga assumes that Mackie’s argument regards it as a necessary truth that a wholly good God would eliminate all evil that he could eliminate. I argue that this is an interpretative mistake, and that Mackie is merely assuming that the theist believes that God’s goodness entails that God would eliminate all evil that he could eliminate. Once the difference between these two assumptions, and the implausibility of Plantinga’s assumption, are brought out, Plantinga’s celebrated critique of Mackie’s argument can be seen to be far less compelling than is often assumed to be the case. 相似文献
138.
How to Gain the Benefits of the Expert Performance Approach in Domains Where the Correctness of Decisions are Not Readily Available: A Reply to Weiss and Shanteau
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K. Anders Ericsson 《Applied cognitive psychology》2014,28(4):458-463
Weiss and Shanteau criticize the expert‐performance approach and argue that this approach has not, and most importantly, cannot be applied to the study of ‘experts’ in domains that lack readily available objective measures of performance, such as accuracy of judgments. In this response, I demonstrate that it is not necessary to use fictitious stimuli for the judgments, for which no correct responses can be identified, and where only their Cochrane, Weiss, and Shanteau index can be calculated. Instead, the expert performance approach regenerates the judgment situation for actual cases and tracks down their subsequent observed real‐world outcomes. Participants' judgments of the stimuli can then be directly scored against the actual outcomes. Opportunities for training and deliberate practice are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
139.
This article explores the use of religious terms in six Norwegian autobiographies written between 1925 and 2005 by people who themselves have been patients in the mental health services. Through a critical discourse analysis, we discuss the functions of religious discourse in the texts and its position in contrast to the medical discourse predominant in today's mental health services. It was found that religious (predominantly Christian) terms were used to varying degrees in all autobiographies as a means to capture the immensity and inherent ambivalence characteristic of mental health problems. Despite the “medical turn” in professional mental health discourse, there is no clear evidence of a decrease in the use of religious terms from the oldest to the most recent text. We propose that professional mental health workers to a larger extent take into account the religious dimension in therapy, and reflect on its larger historical and sociocultural context. 相似文献
140.
The effects of three levels of cognitive tuning (transmission, reception, and no-set) on the free recall of clustered and unclustered word lists were investigated with the use of three ratio measures: proportion of words correctly recalled, number of runs of clusters out of the number of possible runs, and number of clusters utilized over the number of words recalled. Subjects included 99 female undergraduates enrolled in an introductory psychology course. The results supported a cognitive structure as opposed to a motivational interpretation of the tuning set phenomenon. Receivers, being tuned for sorting information into broad categories, recalled a greater number of words, scored lower on the ratio of runs, and used smaller ratios of clusters to words than transmitters who tuned in cognitive structures designed to process discrete bits of information. 相似文献