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181.
Muela Martínez JA García León A Torres Barahona R Santiago Fernández P Sóriguer Escofet F 《Psicothema》2008,20(2):279-284
An association between severe iodine deficiency and poor mental development has been found in many studies. We examined the relationship between moderate or mild iodine deficiency and intellectual capacity in order to determine whether problems common to severe iodine deficiency (including mental retardation) also emerge in a more subtle form. We also wished to know whether the classic methodology (comparing iodine-deficient zones with nondeficient zones) is the most adequate, and propose to combine this grouping by zones with urinary iodine presented by individuals in each zone. We measured IQ, manipulative and verbal capacity, attention, visual motor ability and disruptive behaviour, variables that have barely been studied in this kind of investigations. The sample comprised 760 schoolchildren from the province of Jaén (southern Spain). Our results show that children with low levels of iodine intake and with urinary iodine concentration lower than 100 microg/litre had a lower IQ and displayed more disruptive behaviour than children with high levels of the criteria. The other variables were not associated with iodine deficiency. 相似文献
182.
Ana I. F. Pereira Cristina Canavarro Margarida F. Cardoso Denisa Mendonça 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):454-464
The majority of studies investigating the effects of parental behaviour on the child’s adjustment have a dimensional approach.
We identified the existence of various patterns in parental rearing styles and analysed the relationship between different
parenting patterns and behavioural problems in a group of school-aged children. A longitudinal, multi-informant study was
conducted. The sample consisted of 519 school-aged children from the Portuguese general population. Parental rearing styles
were measured using the EMBU-C, a questionnaire that evaluates children’s perception of parental rearing dimensions. The assessment
of child behavioural problems included the evaluation of internalizing and externalizing problems, and data from multiple
reporters (parents and teacher). One year later, after a school transition, the adjustment of a sub-sample of 220 children
was evaluated again. Cluster analysis identified four types of parental rearing styles: low support, supportive-controller,
rejecting-controller, and supportive. In both assessment periods, low support and rejecting-controller parenting patterns
showed higher levels of behavioural problems than the supportive and supportive-controller parenting patterns. These patterns
show significant differences between them regarding behavioural problems and have a higher predictive value regarding externalizing
problems (versus internalizing problems). 相似文献
183.
Martínez MP Sánchez AI Miró E Medina A Lami MJ 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(4):380-391
This study examined the relationship between several cognitive-affective factors of the fear-avoidance model of pain, the
big five model of personality, and functional impairment in fibromyalgia (FM). Seventy-four FM patients completed the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale-20, the Pain Vigilance
and
Awareness Questionnaire, and the Impairment and Functioning Inventory. Results indicated that the cognitive-affective factors of pain are differentially associated with personality traits. Neuroticism
and conscientiousness were significant predictors of pain catastrophizing, and neuroticism, openness, and agreeableness were
significant predictors of pain anxiety. Personality traits did not contribute significantly to vigilance to pain. The effect
of neuroticism upon pain anxiety was mediated by pain catastrophizing, and neuroticism showed a trend to moderate the relationship
between impairment and pain anxiety. Results support the fear-avoidance model of pain. Implications of the findings for the
understanding and management of FM are discussed. 相似文献
184.
Social Psychology of Education - In Chile, as in other countries, there are large gender gaps in reading achievement. One factor that may explain some of these results is male and female... 相似文献
185.
Ana Tajadura-Jiménez Ludovica Lorusso Manos Tsakiris 《Consciousness and cognition》2013,22(4):1352-1360
In the “enfacement” illusion seeing an unfamiliar face being touched at the same time as one’s own face evokes changes in self-face recognition. We investigated the contribution of proprioceptive and motor signals derived from self-generated actions in the sensory-driven malleability of self–other boundaries during the “enfacement” illusion. Changes in self-face recognition during active- and passive-touch interpersonal visuo-tactile stimulation were quantified by means of psychophysical and psychometric tasks. Active- and passive-touch evoked comparable changes in the categorical boundaries of self–other distinction, changing the extent to which the other is assimilated into the mental self-representation. Actively touching or simply feeling touch on one’s own face with concurrent observed touch on someone else’s face seems to elicit comparable changes in self-recognition, suggesting that afferent input might be sufficient for updating one’s body-image, although some components of the experience of self-identification seem to be more affected by passive- than by active-touch. 相似文献
186.
The prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) in males is much lower than in women. Thus, current knowledge about the syndrome has been developed from research with women. The aim of the present study is to analyze whether FM manifestations differ as a function of sex. Two clinical groups with FM (21 males and 21 women) and a control group of healthy men (n= 21) participated in the study. Several aspects of pain, sleep, fatigue, psychopathology, emotional distress and functional impact of FM were evaluated with an algometer and questionnaires. The clinical groups showed a significantly greater impairment than the control group in all the self-report measures. However, the FM patients only showed significant differences in the sensibility threshold to the pain, which was lower in the women. In addition, the best predictor of the experience of pain in males was sleep quality, and in the women, catastrofying pain. Our results suggest that the most effective therapeutic strategies to control pain may be different for men and women. 相似文献
187.
Franco-Watkins AM Pashler H Rickard TC 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2006,32(2):443-7; discussion 448-50
Previous research by J. M. Hinson, T. L. Jameson, and P. Whitney (2003) demonstrated that a secondary task in a delayed discounting paradigm increased subjects' preference for the immediate reward. J. M. Hinson et al. interpreted their findings as evidence that working memory load results in greater impulsivity. The present authors conducted a reanalysis of the data from J. M. Hinson et al.'s Experiment 1 at the individual-subject level. Difference scores were calculated by subtracting the digit memory load condition from the control condition for k (discounting parameter) and a measure of "erroneous" responses. The results indicated that the secondary task increased random responding, which in turn can account for the increased mean estimates of k. Thus, the data do not support the claim that cognitive load affects impulsivity per se. 相似文献
188.
Recent studies confirm that dispositional pessimism is related with a worse state of physical health, in comparison with dispositional optimism . The efficacy of stress coping strategies has been considered as a mediating mechanism in this relationship. The aim of the present study is to analyze in a sample of university students (n = 200) the association between dispositional optimism/pessimism and different categories of self-reported somatic symptoms , and evaluate the possible mediation of the stress coping strategies in this relationship. The results indicate that: 1) pessimism is positively related with the report of physical symptoms, whereas optimism is negatively associated to somatic complaints; and 2) this relationship can be mainly explained by the differential utilization of the coping strategy denominated self-criticism (characteristic of pessimism). 相似文献
189.
Why do people change in therapy? A preliminary study. This work represents the beginning of a new way to study the processes that can explain the therapeutic change. The method used is the observation and analysis of therapeutic sessions directly recorded and developed inside a behavioural approach. The category system tries to carry out a functional analysis of the therapist-client interaction which enables the identification of learning processes that work in clinical setting and explain success in therapy. Outcomes are provisional but show the utility of this initial trend of investigation to the comprehension of clinical phenomenon. Conclusions also emphasize the importance of associative learning processes on the therapeutic change. 相似文献
190.
The present study evaluates the extent to which central categories explicitly labeled as being in the middle of the other response categories, specifically Middle Level and Sometimes, function as expected according to the integer scoring system. The assumptions are tested by means of Bock's Nominal Model in two 5-response scales. Results show that the assumption of the ordering of the response categories is met for all the items. The ordering of thresholds is satisfied for all but one item with the central category Middle Level . Results are compared with those obtained when middle categories are not explicitly labeled as being in the middle of the other response categories, as in the case of Not Sure , Undecided or? 相似文献