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991.
de Alvarenga PG de Mathis MA Dominguez Alves AC do Rosário MC Fossaluza V Hounie AG Miguel EC Torres AR 《CNS spectrums》2012,17(2):87-93
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients with comorbid tic disorders (TD) in a large, multicenter, clinical sample.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted that included 813 consecutive OCD outpatients from the Brazilian OCD Research Consortium and used several instruments of assessment, including the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Dimensional Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the USP Sensory Phenomena Scale, and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders. RESULTS: The sample mean current age was 34.9 years old (SE 0.54), and the mean age at obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) onset was 12.8 years old (SE 0.27). Sensory phenomena were reported by 585 individuals (72% of the sample). The general lifetime prevalence of TD was 29.0% (n = 236), with 8.9% (n = 72) presenting Tourette syndrome, 17.3% (n = 141) chronic motor tic disorder, and 2.8% (n = 23) chronic vocal tic disorder. The mean tic severity score, according to the YGTSS, was 27.2 (SE 1.4) in the OCD + TD group. Compared to OCD patients without comorbid TD, those with TD (OCD + TD group, n = 236) were more likely to be males (49.2% vs. 38.5%, p < .005) and to present sensory phenomena and comorbidity with anxiety disorders in general: separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, impulse control disorders in general, and skin picking. Also, the "aggressive," "sexual/religious," and "hoarding" symptom dimensions were more severe in the OCD + TD group.ConclusionTic-related OCD may constitute a particular subgroup of the disorder with specific phenotypical characteristics, but its neurobiological underpinnings remain to be fully disentangled. 相似文献
992.
Vitola ES Salgado CA Silva KL Karam RG Victor MM Mota NR Contini V Picon FA Guimarães-da-Silva PO Giordani RS Rohde LA Belmonte-de-Abreu P Bau CH Grevet EH 《CNS spectrums》2012,17(2):94-99
IntroductionAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are frequently co-occurring disorders in children and adolescents. However, their clinical status among adults is still under discussion. This study analyzes how the current clinical presentation of adult ADHD might be influenced by a lifetime history of CD and ODD. METHODS: We compared three groups of patients: ADHD without history of CD/ODD (n = 178), ADHD + history of ODD (n = 184), and ADHD + history of CD (n = 96). RESULTS: A history of CD (and to a lower extent ODD) is associated with a more severe and externalizing profile.ConclusionPast CD and ODD entail a significant negative mental health impact on persistent ADHD, reinforcing the importance of actively assessing the developmental history of adult ADHD patients. 相似文献
993.
Dos SF Da Silva PA Ribeiro FS Dias AL Frigério MC Dellatolas G von Aster M 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2012,15(2):513-525
Numerical cognition is based on two components - number processing and calculation. Its development is influenced by biological, cognitive, educational, and cultural factors. The objectives of the present study were to: i) assess number processing and calculation in Brazilian children aged 7-12 years from public schools using the Zareki-R (Battery of neuropsychological tests for number processing and calculation in children, Revised; von Aster & Dellatolas, 2006) in order to obtain normative data for Portuguese speakers; ii) identify how environment, age, and gender influences the development of these mathematical skills; iii) investigate the construct validity of the Zareki-R by the contrast with the Arithmetic subtest of WISC-III. The sample included 172 children, both genders, divided in two groups: urban (N = 119) and rural (N = 53) assessed by the Zareki-R. Rural children presented lower scores in one aspect of number processing; children aged 7-8 years demonstrated an inferior global score than older; boys presented a superior performance in both number processing and calculation. Construct validity of Zareki-R was demonstrated by high to moderate correlations with Arithmetic subtest of WISC-III. The Zareki-R therefore is a suitable instrument to assess the development of mathematical skills, which is influenced by factors such as environment, age, and gender. 相似文献
994.
BackgroundMigraine is a common and disabling disorder that is highly comorbid with depression. The comorbidity of depression and migraine is a major health concern as it results in poorer prognosis and quality of life. Yet, effective treatments have rarely been investigated.Method45 patients with comorbid migraine and depression were assigned to a 1-day Acceptance and Commitment Training plus Migraine Education workshop (ACT-ED; N = 31) or to Wait List/Treatment as Usual (WL/TAU; N = 14). Assessment of depressive symptoms, general functioning, and migraine related disability were completed at baseline and 2-, 6-, and 12 weeks after the workshop.ResultsAt the 3-month follow up, participants in the ACT-ED condition exhibited significantly greater improvements in depressive symptoms, general functioning, and migraine-related disability than patients in the WL/TAU group.ConclusionA 1-day ACT-ED workshop is a promising approach to the treatment for depression and disability in migraineurs that merits further investigation. 相似文献
995.
The mental model theory postulates that the meanings of assertions, and knowledge about their context can modulate the logical meaning of sentential connectives, such as "if" and "or". One known effect of modulation is to block the representation of possibilities to which a proposition refers. But, modulation should also add relational information, such as temporal order, to models of possibilities. Three experiments tested this prediction. Experiment 1 showed that individuals spontaneously matched the tense of their conclusions (in Portuguese) to embody implied, but unexpressed, temporal relations in conditional premises. Experiment 2 demonstrated the same phenomenon in inferences from disjunctions. Experiment 3 showed that the number of such implicit relations in inferences from conditionals affects both accuracy and the speed of reasoning. These results support the modulation hypothesis. 相似文献
996.
Parra Cardona JR Domenech-Rodriguez M Forgatch M Sullivan C Bybee D Holtrop K Escobar-Chew AR Tams L Dates B Bernal G 《Family process》2012,51(1):56-72
Latinos constitute the largest ethnic minority group in the United States. However, the cultural adaptation and dissemination of evidence-based parenting interventions among Latino populations continues to be scarce despite extensive research that demonstrates the long-term positive effects of these interventions. The purpose of this article is threefold: (1) justify the importance of cultural adaptation research as a key strategy to disseminate efficacious interventions among Latinos, (2) describe the initial steps of a program of prevention research with Latino immigrants aimed at culturally adapting an evidence-based intervention informed by parent management training principles, and (3) discuss implications for advancing cultural adaptation prevention practice and research, based on the initial feasibility and cultural acceptability findings of the current investigation. 相似文献
997.
Karen Ciclitira Fiona Starr Lisa Marzano Nicola Brunswick Ana Costa 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2012,12(2):136-145
Background: Following recent moves to relax the requirements for clinical mental health trainees to undergo personal therapy, this qualitative project explored the effects of personal therapy on volunteer counsellors. Method: Interviews were conducted with 19 volunteer counsellors at a women's community centre, and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Emerging themes included the importance of personal therapy for trainee development, key elements of personal therapy and the idea that personal therapy is ‘a double‐edged sword’. Discussion: Allowing for evident methodological difficulties in evaluating the impact of personal therapy on trainees, this study suggests that close consideration should be given to the potentially adverse effects of reducing requirements for personal therapy in clinical trainings. 相似文献
998.
Marcela Espinosa-Pike Edurne Aldazabal Ana Martín-Arroyuelos 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2012,10(1):9-25
The aim of this work is to analyse the effect of gender and ethical training received on the sensitivity of university teachers
towards the inclusion of ethics in graduate business studies. To this end, a study has been carried out that uses four ethical
sensitivity indicators for teachers: their opinion about the need to include ethics in the world of business, their opinion
about the need to include ethics in University education involving business studies, the current integration of ethics by
teachers in the subjects they teach, and whether they intend to increase the time set aside for ethics in those subjects in
the future. Results suggest that the ethical training received by teachers has a significant influence on their sensitivity
towards the inclusion of ethics in graduate studies and the introduction of ethical aspects in their classes. Conversely,
the results do not enable us to draw the conclusion that gender is a significant variable in terms of sensitivity towards
the inclusion of ethics in the university education of business students. This work is of special relevance because it adds
to the extremely limited amount of literature available on variables that may explain the attitude of teachers towards the
integration of ethics in higher education, by supporting the thesis defended by many authors of the positive effect of ethical
training on an improvement in sensitivity and ethical judgement. 相似文献
999.
We present a new database of lexical decision times for English words and nonwords, for which two groups of British participants
each responded to 14,365 monosyllabic and disyllabic words and the same number of nonwords for a total duration of 16 h (divided
over multiple sessions). This database, called the British Lexicon Project (BLP), fills an important gap between the Dutch
Lexicon Project (DLP; Keuleers, Diependaele, & Brysbaert, Frontiers in Language Sciences. Psychology, 1, 174, 2010) and the English Lexicon Project (ELP; Balota et al., 2007), because it applies the repeated measures design of the DLP to the English language. The high correlation between the BLP
and ELP data indicates that a high percentage of variance in lexical decision data sets is systematic variance, rather than
noise, and that the results of megastudies are rather robust with respect to the selection and presentation of the stimuli.
Because of its design, the BLP makes the same analyses possible as the DLP, offering researchers with a new interesting data
set of word-processing times for mixed effects analyses and mathematical modeling. The BLP data are available at and as Electronic Supplementary Materials. 相似文献
1000.
Paula Daccarett 《Journal of Modern Jewish Studies》2014,13(2):212-230
Barranquilla, a city on the Colombian Caribbean, blossomed from a tiny village at the beginning of the nineteenth century into a booming, forward-looking port city by 1900. Unlike the rest of Colombia, Barranquilla became a magnet for multiethnic overseas immigration in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Caribbean Sephardim, mostly from Curaçao, made vital contributions to the development of Barranquilla and, in fact, their trajectory seemed to echo the historical arc of the city itself. Among these individuals were Ernesto Cortissoz, businessman and commercial aviation pioneer, and Abraham López Penha, author and literary promoter. Cortissoz was a freethinker who expressed a strong reservation toward religion and, while he married a non-Jewish woman and his descendants assimilated into Catholic society, he did not convert to Catholicism. By contrast, López Penha had an affirmative, creative and public engagement with Sephardic and Hispanic American identities. He corresponded with figures such as Ángel Pulido and Miguel de Unamuno—the famous Spanish advocates of Sephardism—and had a consummate devotion to Spanish language and letters. The trajectories of these individuals reveal that nineteenth- and twentieth-century Caribbean Sephardim were not vestiges of the early modern period but rather engaged participants with distinct Jewish responses, and contributions, to modern Hispanic American contexts. 相似文献