错误再认:意识、注意和刺激特性

该研究基于错误再认现象,确立了意识知觉和无意识知觉在行为结果上的质的差异。在决定一个刺激是被有意识知觉还是无意识知觉时,刺激特性和注意之间存在着相互补偿的作用。实验一表明,当一个刺激短暂呈现而被无意识知觉的时候,增强刺激特性或提高注意水平都能使它的知觉变为有意识的;相对应地,实验二表明,一个处于分散注意条件下被无意识知觉的刺激,也可以通过使注意集中或增强刺激特性而使它的知觉变为有意识的。该研究对意识、注意和刺激特性三者间的关系进行了讨论。     

Individual differences in analytic versus holistic thinking

The authors constructed the Analysis-Holism Scale (AHS) to measure analytic versus holistic thinking tendency. In Study 1, using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, a 24-item scale was developed. In Study 2, convergent and discriminant validities were tested. In Studies 3 and 4, the known-group difference validity was examined by comparing scores on the AHS of Americans and Koreans (Study 3) and of Korean students of Oriental medicine and Korean students of non-Oriental medicine majors (Study 4). Results of Studies 3 and 4 show that Koreans and Korean students of Oriental medicine scored higher on the AHS than did Americans and Korean students of non-Oriental medicine majors, respectively. Studies 5 and 6 tested predictive validity by examining associations of the AHS with performances on two cognitive tasks (categorization and causal reasoning). Data analysis shows that those with high scores on the AHS displayed the holistic pattern of performances on each task more than did those with low scores.     

敬畏生命是智慧的开端

敬畏是对万物尊严的直观,是对超然性的辨识。犹太-基督教认为,智慧由敬畏推动,敬畏是信仰的前提,是信仰的根源。人们应当接受敬畏的指导。丧失敬畏,就会缺少洞察力。科学主义是失去敬畏的结果。学术界最近对科学主义的讨论,说明人文精神开始崛起。科学主义大概是一种国产货。我们今天应当在世界大家庭的语境中说话或言说。敬畏自然与敬畏生命,二者同中有异。但是,我们所说的敬畏自然,一点也不意味着自然主义。我们反对科学技术的僭越。自然主义恰恰忽视不同于单纯物质的生命。国内学者已经普遍注意到人类道德的关怀应当扩大到人类之外的存在上。     

The development and classification accuracy of the life assessment questionnaire in the detection of pain-related malingering

This paper describes three phases of the development and validation of the Life Assessment Questionnaire (LAQ), a multi-scale inventory for assessing potential malingering in adults reporting chronic pain. Study 1 involved scale construction and item analysis. Discriminant validity was investigated in Study 2 by comparing scores for the clinical reference group with participants instructed to simulate chronic pain. Study 3 examined the convergent validity of the LAQ with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and Behavioral Assessment of Pain (BAP). Results revealed that the simulation groups scored significantly higher than the clinical reference group across all scales. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed sensitivity and specificity scores ranging from 0.44 to 0.57 and 0.88 to 0.93, respectively. Positive predictive power values ranged between 0.79 and 0.88. Strong convergent validity was found for the LAQ. These studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the LAQ in classifying individuals who feign pain complaints, supporting the utility of the LAQ for reaching conclusions about the presence of malingering. Copyright ? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Determinants of Happiness in Turkey: Evidence from City-Level Data

This paper analyses the determinants of happiness in Turkey between 2004 and 2013 by relying on TURKSTAT’s Life Satisfaction Surveys. It contributes to the literature by employing a set of novel variables and a larger dataset which became representative at city-level in 2013. Some of the interesting findings are as follows: degree of hope is found to be the strongest estimator of happiness which was neglected in previous studies; job satisfaction is as important as being employed. Similarly, being married makes people happier only if they are satisfied from their marriage. Education brings more happiness only if it helps to increase income. Moreover, our results support Easterlin Paradox (Nations Househ Econ Growth Essays Honor Moses Abramovitz 1974. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-205050-3.50008-7). We have shown that happiness and income share a potent and positive relationship when yearly or pooled micro datasets are analysed, which has not been observed in macro data.     

Longitudinal Linkages Between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Violent Behaviors Among Chinese Adolescents Following the Wenchuan Earthquake

This study was conducted to examine the longitudinal relations between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and violent behaviors. In this study, 415 adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake in China (May 12, 2008) were assessed by using self-report questionnaires 1 year (T1), 1.5 years (T2), and 2 years (T3) after the earthquake. The findings suggested that from 1 to 1.5 years after the earthquake, only intrusive symptoms of PTSD were a risk factor for violent behaviors, whereas violent behaviors were a risk factor for all 3 PTSD symptom clusters. Furthermore, 1.5 to 2 years after the earthquake, avoidance symptoms of PTSD were a risk factor for violent behaviors and hyperarousal symptoms of PTSD had no significant relation with violent behaviors.     

中国西南少数民族与韩国虎图腾崇拜比较研究

中国和韩国历史上的文化交流从未中断过。虽然韩国与中国西南地区的自然环境有着很多不相同之处,但两国的虎图腾崇拜文化却呈现出息息相通的局面。韩民族文化中的虎图腾崇拜现象,不仅反映了韩国土著文化之根的真正所在,也体现了韩民族与中国西南少数民族之间的文化同源关系。     

家、国、同胞,与天下万民--中西哲人及基督教的家庭观

本文分析了某些中西哲人及基督教的家庭观念的差异,并说明了这些差异所导致的后果.     

科学隐喻与科学哲学——访英国哲学家玛丽·海西教授

2005年4月至9月,笔者由山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心派赴英国剑桥李约瑟研究所进行了为期六个月的学术访问。在此期间,有幸向当代著名科学哲学家、剑桥大学教授玛丽·海西(Mary Hesse)就科学隐喻与科学哲学的一些问题进行了请教,在此整理出来供大家参阅。问:我注意到,您获得的第一个学位是理学学位,而您的博士学位论文是关于电子显微学的。那么,您是如何对科学哲学产生兴趣并走上相关的学术研究之路的?答:这恐怕需要从第二次世界大战刚刚结束的时候说起。那是1945年,我刚毕业不久,对于一个普通学生来说,当时攻读博士学位的机会并不是很多…     

Relational Spirituality,Mature Alterity,and Spiritual Service among Ministry Leaders: An Empirical Study

Christian communities in the United States increasingly are debating sociopolitical issues and the relevance of social justice and cultural diversity to Christian spirituality. The present study investigated connections between spiritual maturity, mature alterity, spiritual service, and spiritual leadership in a predominantly female and ethnically diverse sample of Christian ministry leaders (N = 115) in the United States. Spiritual maturity was operationalized based on a relational spirituality model using measures representing dwelling- and seeking-oriented dimensions. Spiritual service was assessed through (a) sanctification of service and (b) a differentiated posture of listening to the struggles of others. Results showed both measures of spiritual maturity were significantly and positively related to social justice commitment, differentiated listing, and intercultural competence (the latter among female but not male ministry leaders) over and above effects for age and spiritual impression management. A dwelling-oriented measure of spiritual maturity was positively associated with the sanctification of leadership service, whereas a seeking-oriented measure of spiritual maturity showed a modest positive association with spiritual leadership. Spiritual leadership was unrelated to measures of mature alterity. Findings are discussed with respect to limitations, future psychological research, and theological implications for postcolonial pastoral leadership and spirituality.