The Traditional Explanation for Resistance Versus Attitude Accessibility

This investigation compared the traditional explanation for the way inoculation confers resistance to influence with an alternative rationale for resistance based on attitude accessibility. Four hundred forty‐three participants took part in the investigation in four phases spanning 54 days. The combined multiple regression and structural equation modeling results suggest that the traditional and alternative explanations for the way that inoculation confers resistance involve separate processes; counterarguing and accessibility appear to be distinct tracks en route to resistance, but the two explanations also are overlapping processes in which elicited threat plays an integral role.     

人格心理学研究中新的探索——从模拟情境中寻找个体行为无序背后的有序

个体自身内在行为变异（个体在不同情境中行为的变化）蕴含着有关个体特征的大量信息,并且具有时间稳定性。这种稳定的变化模式被称为个体的“行为识别标志”,它刻画了个人行为的稳定性和独特性。相对于特质范式的静止性和流于现象学描述而言,自身内在变异规律可能从另一个侧面反映了人格的内在机制和动力过程。作者以模拟情境研究为例,介绍了人格学家在使用系统化、数量化方法揭示上述内在机制和动力过程方面所做的尝试。     

图形拓扑性质对相似性判断和分类的影响

使用Stevens数量估计法研究了限时和不限时呈现材料条件下,图形的平面几何特征和拓扑特征对相似性判断及分类的影响。结果表明：（1）材料特征对图形的相似性估计的影响显著,平面几何特征的差异对应着更大的差异估计量。（2）呈现方式对平面几何特征差异的估计影响大,而并不影响对拓扑差异的估计。（3）男性对拓扑特征差异的估计较女性大;对平面几何特征差异的估计没有显著的性别差异。（4）不限时呈现时被试倾向于按平面几何特征分类;限时呈现时倾向于按拓扑特征分类。     

The Effects of Family Type, Family Relationships and Parental Role Models on Delinquency and Alcohol Use Among Flemish Adolescents

This study focused on the effects of family type, family relationships and socialization on alcohol consumption and delinquent behaviour among Flemish adolescents. Data came from the second round of the Leuven Adolescents and Families Study and were collected in 2010 by paper-and-pencil questionnaires in 10 different secondary schools (N = 1,688). The results show that children living in non-intact families are more likely to be delinquent and to drink alcohol at an age it is not legally allowed (below 16 years old). High delinquent behaviour is found among boys in single parent families and among girls in stepfamilies. For alcohol use the reverse is true. A good relationship with the same-sex parent is negatively associated with delinquency. High interparental conflict increases delinquency for boys and alcohol use for girls. Parental role models are highly important, since drinking behaviour of parents, and especially the same-sex parent, are positively associated with externalising problems of children.     

Priming addition facts with semantic relations

Results from 2 relational-priming experiments suggest the existence of an automatic analogical coordination between semantic and arithmetic relations. Word pairs denoting object sets served as primes in a task that elicits "obligatory" activation of addition facts (5 + 3 activates 8; J. LeFevre, J. Bisanz, & L. Mrkonjic, 1988). Semantic relations between the priming words were either aligned or misaligned with the structure of addition (M. Bassok, V. M. Chase, & S. A. Martin, 1998). Obligatory activation of addition facts occurred when the digits were primed by categorically related words (tulips-daisies), which are aligned with addition, but did not occur when the digits were primed by unrelated words (hens-radios, Experiment 1) or by functionally related words (records-songs, Experiment 2), which are misaligned with addition. These findings lend support to the viability of automatic analogical priming (B. A. Spellman, K. J. Holyoak, & R. G. Morrison, 2001) and highlight the relevance of arithmetic applications to theoretical accounts of mental arithmetic.     

短声强度为95dB时猫的两耳听现象

研究短声强度为95dB时猫的两耳听现象,探讨两耳干涉作用和交叉听力在听觉脑干电反应(ABR)上的表达。以ABR为检测指标,观察和比较耳蜗破坏前后对侧耳负荷75dB SWN时95dB短声诱发的ABR各波振幅的变化。结果：(1)耳蜗破坏前对侧耳负荷的75dB SWN可使95dB短声诱发的ABR之PⅢ、PⅣ波振幅增大(P＜0．01)。(2)耳蜗破坏后对侧耳负荷的75dB SWN对95dB短声诱发的ABR各波振幅无影响(P＞0．05)。(3)耳蜗破坏前对侧耳负荷75dB SWN时95dB短声诱发的ABR之PⅣ波振幅比耳蜗破坏后95dB短声诱发的ABR之PⅣ减小(P＜0．05)。结论：短声强度为95dB时,交叉听力现象在ABR之PⅢ、PⅣ波上均有表达,与75dB5WN产生的两耳干涉作用仅在ABR之PⅣ波有表达。     

The Meaning of the Sperm Donor for Heterosexual Couples: Confirming the Position of the Father

In the literature, relatively little attention has been paid to the meaning of donor involvement in the intimate couple dyad. The current study aimed to enrich our understanding of couples' meaning‐making regarding the anonymous sperm donor and how they dealt with the donor involvement. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with nine couples, who had at least one child conceived through sperm donation. Our thematic analysis showed that the donor conception was seen as a different path to create a normal family. Once the family was formed, most couples avoided talking about the donor because it was perceived as disrupting men's growing confidence in their position as father. Participants tried to confirm the position of the father to protect the family relationships. Uncertainties about how they were perceived as parents showed the continuing dominance of genetic ties within our social discourse. Participants also dealt with reminders of the donor in their daily life. Overall, they tried to manage the space taken up by the donor and to protect the position of the father. We relate our findings to literature on topic avoidance and shared obliviousness in families. For counseling practice, it could be useful to explore couples' meaning‐making about the donor as this seemed to serve family functioning.     

Negotiating the Cultural Steps in Developing an Online Intervention for Korean American Intimate Partner Violence

Korean American (KA) immigrants experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) underutilize existing services, but instead rely on KA clergy for assistance. However, there had not yet been an intervention curriculum developed for KA clergy to help them address IPV in their congregations. There was a lack of understanding regarding what needed to be included in an intervention curriculum for KA clergy, as well as the most effective form of curriculum design and delivery for such an intervention. This article discusses the process of developing an online IPV intervention curriculum for KA clergy to increase their capacity for IPV prevention and intervention within their congregations. Researchers developed Korean Clergy for Healthy Families by incorporating feedback from expert consultants and engaging study participants. The result is an IPV curriculum that speaks to participants’ cultural values and religious beliefs, and identifies barriers KA clergy experience when confronted with IPV. Specific steps to assist those who would want to develop culturally appropriate interventions are provided.     

与恐惧相关的简化刺激在不同知觉负载条件下的注意捕获效应

本研究选用视觉搜索范式,探讨了与恐惧相关的简化刺激在不同知觉负载条件下的注意捕获效应。结果发现:在分心物刺激为清晰的条件下,与恐惧相关的分心物刺激能够优先捕获被试注意,即使分心物刺激在一定程度上被简化,与恐惧相关的简化分心物刺激依然具有加工优先权,并且与恐惧相关的简化刺激在低知觉负载条件下和高知觉负载条件下的注意捕获量并没有显著差异,这一结果表明,与恐惧相关的简化刺激不受知觉负载的限制,能够自动化加工。