There's something social happening at the mall

Part of the success of the retail mall was hypothesized to be the result of the socially stimulating environment that the indoor mall provides. To test this idea, three studies were completed. In the first, the composition of shoppers attracted to a downtown shopping area and a regional mall were compared. Results showed shopping at the mall was most likely to be either as singles or in larger groups suggesting that people go to the mall because the mall supports social interaction. In the second study, social behavior in a regional mall was observed. The pattern of social interaction observed in the mall setting was compared to a farmers market and a supermarket. Social behavior in the mall was found to be more similar to that of the social farmers market than the impersonal supermarket. In the third study, the image of the mall was found to be more social than a comparable downtown area and the image of a mall store was more social than the image of the same store located in a downtown business district. The overall findings suggest that the mall attracts consumers because it may be a magnet for social behavior and may reinforce consumer behavior by its sociability.     

Cognitive vulnerability to depression: A comparison of the weakest link,keystone and additive models

Multiple theories of cognitive vulnerability to depression have been proposed, each focusing on different aspects of negative cognition and utilising different measures of risk. Various methods of integrating such multiple indices of risk have been examined in the literature, and each demonstrates some promise. Yet little is known about the interrelations among these methods, or their incremental validity in predicting changes in depression. The present study compared three integrative models of cognitive vulnerability: the additive, weakest link, and keystone models. Support was found for each model as predictive of depression over time, but only the weakest link model demonstrated incremental utility in predicting changes in depression over the other models. We also explore the correlation between these models and each model's unique contribution to predicting onset of depressive symptoms.     

Poets, Cynics and Thieves: Vicious Love and Divine Protection in Kierkegaard's Works of Love and Repetition

In Kierkegaard's Repetition , "the girl" on whom a young man focuses his esteem becomes an encumbrance from which a cynic must rescue him. Using Works of Love as the time through which we judge these men allows us to consider false love's perfidious perception of the (here female) other. Kierkegaard's sobering rendition of the love commandment in Works of Love , wherein the beloved is more than the beholder's vision of her, exposes that there is indeed a "girl" in the story and two men who would idolize, trick or banish her. In Works of Love , Kierkegaard distinguishes true love from the poetic perspective, which distorts the other to fit the lover's ideal; from the vampiric gaze, which devours her; and from the sage's inspection, which deems her disposable. Love unguarded by God's command endangers the beheld as well as the overlooked, and Kierkegaard skillfully depicts each of these three distortions in Repetition .     

Using a taped intervention to improve kindergarten students' number identification

A multiple baseline design across students was used to evaluate the effects of a taped numbers (TN) intervention on the number‐identification accuracy of 4 kindergarten students. During TN, students attempted to name the numbers 0 through 9 on randomized lists before each number was provided via a tape player 2 s later. All 4 students showed immediate increases and reached 100% in number‐identification accuracy. One student reached 100% accuracy after TN was supplemented with performance feedback, reinforcement, and overcorrection.     

Evaluating vigilance deficits in ADHD: a meta-analysis of CPT performance

We meta-analytically review 47 between-groups studies of continuous performance test (CPT) performance in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a random effects model and correcting for both sampling error and measurement unreliability, we found large effect sizes (δ) for overall performance, but only small to moderate δ for performance over time in the handful of studies that reported that data. Smaller δs for performance over time are likely attributable, in part, to the extensive use of stimuli for which targets and distractors are quite easily differentiated. Artifacts accounted for a considerable proportion of variance among observed δs. Effect sizes reported in previous reviews were significantly attenuated because of the presence of uncorrected artifacts and highlight the necessity of accounting for artifactual variance in future work to determine the amount of true neurocognitive heterogeneity within ADHD. Signal detection theory and diffusion modeling analyses indicated that the ADHD-related deficits were because of decreased perceptual sensitivity (d') and slower drift rates (v). Results are interpreted the context of several recent models of ADHD.