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251.
Adverse sequelae of prenatal alcohol exposure include executive function and social skills impairments, although these two domains have not been empirically linked in alcohol-exposed individuals. This study investigated this relationship using the BRIEF and the SSRS in 98 children aged 6 to 11 years. Executive functions explained a significant percentage of variance in parent and teacher rated social skills. No differences were found among children with diagnoses of FAS, partial FAS, or alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder. It may be helpful to consider executive functioning in designing social skills interventions for alcohol-exposed children whether or not they have full FAS. 相似文献
252.
Johnston Erin F. Eagle David E. Corneli Amy Perry Brian Proeschold-Bell Rae Jean 《Journal of religion and health》2022,61(2):1207-1225
Journal of Religion and Health - As an occupational group, clergy exhibit numerous physical health problems. Given the physical health problems faced by clergy, understanding where physical health... 相似文献
253.
Ground-level and aerial perspectives in virtual space provide simplified conditions for investigating differences between exploratory navigation and map reading in large-scale environmental learning. General similarities and differences in ground-level and aerial encoding have been identified, but little is known about the specific characteristics that differentiate them. One such characteristic is the need to process orientation; ground-level encoding (and navigation) typically requires dynamic orientations, whereas aerial encoding (and map reading) is typically conducted in a fixed orientation. The present study investigated how this factor affected spatial processing by comparing ground-level and aerial encoding to a hybrid condition: aerial-with-turns. Experiment 1 demonstrated that scene recognition was sensitive to both perspective (ground-level or aerial) and orientation (dynamic or fixed). Experiment 2 investigated brain activation during encoding, revealing regions that were preferentially activated perspective as in previous studies (Shelton and Gabrieli in J Neurosci 22:2711-2717, 2002), but also identifying regions that were preferentially activated as a function of the presence or absence of turns. Together, these results differentiated the behavioral and brain consequences attributable to changes in orientation from those attributable to other characteristics of ground-level and aerial perspectives, providing leverage on how orientation information is processed in everyday spatial learning. 相似文献
254.
Ellen W. Leen-Feldner Michael J. Zvolensky Joelle van Lent Anka A. Vujanovic Tina Bleau Amit Bernstein Amy Bielawski-Branch Matthew T. Feldner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(2):69-79
The present study evaluated associations among smoking and anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety and anxiety related sensations)
in predicting panic attack symptomatology, somatic complaints, and depressive symptomatology in a community sample of adolescents
(ages 12 to 17 years; N=206). As predicted, the combination of high levels of anxiety sensitivity and being a current smoker predicted panic symptomatology
and somatic complaints, but not depressive symptomatology. These findings suggest anxiety sensitivity may moderate the relation
between smoking and prototypical panic psychopathology variables (panic attacks and somatic complaints) even after controlling
for gender and negative affectivity, and that these associations are specific to panic-relevant processes. The primary implication
of the study findings is that there may be segments of the adolescent population who are at relatively greater risk for panic-related
problems by virtue of individual differences in AS and smoking status.
相似文献
Ellen W. Leen-FeldnerEmail: |
255.
This study examined the effects of gender identification and implicit and explicit gender stereotyping among undergraduate women enrolled in college-level calculus courses. Women's gender identification and gender stereotyping regarding math aptitude were assessed after the course's first midterm exam. Implicit, but not explicit, stereotyping interacted with gender identification to affect women's performance on their final exams and their desire to pursue math-related careers. Women who showed low gender identification and low implicit gender stereotyping performed best on the final exam, and women with high scores on both factors were the least inclined to pursue math-based careers. Implications for the underrepresentation of women in math and the hard sciences are discussed. 相似文献
256.
This study evaluated the effects of two satiation procedures, large portions and supplementary feedings, as interventions for rumination maintained by automatic reinforcement for an individual with developmental disabilities. Results showed that supplemental feedings produced a greater reduction in the rate of rumination than the large portions treatment. Additionally, 30 min supplemental feedings were more effective than 15 min supplemental feedings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
257.
The authors' goals in the study were to investigate the possible gains made by including multiple assessments of status in the prediction of change in psychosocial adjustment and to compare the effectiveness of continuous and categorical measures of peer status in predicting adjustment. The authors obtained continuous and categorical measures of status (social preference and rejected status) for 644 Grade 4 students at 3 points within 1 school year (fall, winter, and spring). The authors measured peer, teacher, and self-report indexes of social adjustment (including aggression, anxiety, and sociability) in Grades 4 and 5. Both measures of peer status at all 3 time points in Grade 4 were significant predictors of adjustment in Grade 5, controlling for Grade 4 levels, with the midyear (i.e., winter) assessment showing a slight predictive advantage over the fall and spring assessments. Children who were classified as peer rejected over multiple assessments had more social adjustment problems in the next school year than did children who were classified as peer rejected at 1 time point only. The authors discuss these findings in terms of the utility of multiple assessments of both continuous and categorical measures of peer status for predicting later outcomes. 相似文献
258.
Amy Kroska 《Sex roles》2009,60(5-6):313-328
Using survey data from married and cohabiting adults in the midwestern U.S. (N?=?257), I examine the way gender ideology–work discrepancies relate to distress and self-meanings. Among women, discrepancies are unrelated to distress and negatively related to feelings of power and activity as a wife and mother, results consistent with self-consistency theory. Among men, discrepancies are negatively related to distress and positively related to feelings of goodness, power, and activity in several roles, results consistent with compensatory self-enhancement theories. The results suggest that men experience discrepancies as self-image threats to which they respond by inflating their self-evaluation, self-power, and self-activity, whereas women experience discrepancies as stressors that reduce feelings of power and activity. 相似文献
259.
Susan Randall Armel Jeanna McCuaig Amy Finch Rochelle Demsky Tony Panzarella Joan Murphy Barry Rosen 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(4):366-378
The number of individuals receiving genetic counseling for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome has steadily risen.
To triage patients for genetic counseling and to help reduce the amount of time needed by a genetic counselor in direct patient
contact, many clinics have implemented the use of family history questionnaires. Although such questionnaires are widely used,
scant literature exists evaluating their effectiveness. This article explores the extent to which family history questionnaires
are being used in Ontario and addresses the utility of such questionnaires in one familial cancer clinic. By comparing the
pedigrees created from questionnaires to those updated during genetic counseling, the accuracy and effectiveness of the questionnaires
was explored. Of 121 families recruited into the study, 12% acquired changes to their pedigree that led to a revised probability
estimate for having a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation and 5% acquired changes that altered their eligibility for genetic testing.
No statistically significant difference existed between the eligibility for genetic testing prior to and post counseling.
This suggests that family history questionnaires can be effective at obtaining a family history and accurately assessing eligibility
for genetic testing. Based on the variables that were significantly associated with a change in probability estimate, we further
present recommendations for improving the clarity of such questionnaires and therefore the ease of use by patients. 相似文献
260.
The Zhuangzi offers two apparently incompatible models of bereavement. Zhuangzi sometimes suggests that the sage will greet loss with
unfractured equanimity and even aplomb. However, upon the death of his own wife, Zhuangzi evinces a sorrow that, albeit brief,
fits ill with this suggestion. In this essay, I contend that the grief that Zhuangzi displays at his wife’s death better honors
wider values averred elsewhere in the text and, more generally, that a sage who retains a capacity for sorrow will be better
positioned for the robust joy so often identified as central to the Zhuangzi’s vision of flourishing. The sagely figures who entirely forego sorrow, I argue, achieve equanimity only through a sacrifice
of the emotional range and responsiveness necessary not only for grief but also for the delight Zhuangzi recommends. 相似文献