Referenzsemantik in der Partnermodellierung

How can we explain that an assertion on something perceived can be understood in the same manner by somebody who cannot perceive that scene? This problem bases the interest in computational linguistics in how listener modeling could possibly be harmonized with reference semantics. Mental images substituting real perception appear as a way out. The architecture of the listener model has to be adapted to the creation and use of such pictorial data structures. Furthermore, the relation between the latter and a verbal (i. e., propositional) representation must be understood. The resulting architecture of a listener model with reference semantics can be employed to solve communicational problems from three general classes in a better way, as is demonstrated by an example implementation.     

Progressive relaxation exercises and human gastric acid output—A study using telemetric measurements

The effect of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on human gastric acid output was examined using a modification of the Heidelburg Capsule pH telemetering equipment. Fourteen healthy subjects practiced the exercises eight times before the post-exercise acidity measures were compared with control periods in the same session. No mean difference in acidity was observed. It is suggested that gastric acid secretion is more related to cognitive rather than somatic activity. Eleven of the 14 subjects reported feeling physically relaxed yet 7 of these increased acidity. Gastric acid secretion is vagally mediated through the parasympathetic nervous system. Muscle relaxation is associated with lowered sympathetic arousal. It is possible that the relaxation exercises led to increased parasympathetic arousal concomitant with sympathetic lowering since the two systems frequently act antagonistically. Progressive relaxation training does not appear to be an effective method of decreasing gastric acid output.