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Cheryl Buehler Christine Anthony Ambika Krishnakumar Gaye Stone Jean Gerard Sharon Pemberton 《Journal of child and family studies》1997,6(2):233-247
We examined the proposition that interparental conflict is associated with internalizing and externalizing problems in youth ages 5 to 18. This examination was done by conducting a meta-analysis of 348 statistical effects from 68 studies. The average effect size (d-value) was .32. There was considerable variability among effect sizes and this variability was associated with the average time since separation for separated/divorced parents, the socioeconomic status composition of the sample, and average parental education in the sample. The variability among effect sizes also was associated with the source of the informant used to assess interparental conflict and youth problem behaviors. Surprisingly, many of the other study characteristics we coded were not associated with variability in the effect sizes. 相似文献
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Clinical research has concentrated on differences in intensity of expression between the right and left hemiface as a means to assess hemispheric differences in motor control. However, observations by social psychologists suggest that control of facial expression may be organized predominantly across the upper-lower hemiface because during social interactions individuals may produce brief facial blends of emotions, in which the upper and lower face display a different emotion. Full facial versus upper/lower and right/left facial blends of emotion were posed by 20 subjects, 10 men and 10 women ranging in age from 20 to 37 years. The subjects rated the difficulty of each pose on a 5-point Likert scale. Digital photographs of the poses were taken and the full and half-facial poses were shown in random order to four judges who indicated what pose was being performed. The results were very robust and confirmed that facial blends of emotion are more easily and accurately posed on the upper-lower than on the right-left hemiface. Our results are consistent with recent anatomical studies showing separate cortical areas for motor control of the upper versus lower face in primates. Based on recent research exploring hemispheric differences in perceiving facial blends of emotion, the left hemisphere may be more involved with modulating lower facial expressions and the right hemisphere more involved with modulating upper facial expressions. 相似文献
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We compared marital adjustment and subjective well-being in Indian-educated housewives (N = 200) and working women (N = 200) who were administered a Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (Kumar & Rastogi, 1976) and 10 measures of subjective well-being (Warr, 1984). Results indicated significantly better marital adjustment and subjective well-being for the working women than for the housewives. Specifically, working women reported higher scores on general health, life satisfaction, and self-esteem measures and lower scores on hopelessness, insecurity, and anxiety, compared with the housewives, although the housewives had lower scores on negative affect than the working women. Findings were insignificant on positive affect and depression. 相似文献
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Pragya Mathur Shailendra Pratap Jain Meng-Hua Hsieh Charles D. Lindsey Durairaj Maheswaran 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2013
This research investigates the effectiveness of health message framing (gain/loss) depending on the nature of advocacy (prevention/detection) and respondents’ implicit theories (entity/incremental). Three experiments demonstrate that for detection advocacies, incremental theorists are more persuaded by loss frames. For prevention advocacies, incremental theorists are more persuaded by gain frames. For both advocacies (detection and prevention), entity theorists are not differentially influenced by frame. However, entity theorists are message advocacy sensitive such that they are more persuaded by prevention than detection advocacies, regardless of the message frame. These results are robust for measured as well as manipulated implicit theories and for different health contexts. 相似文献
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E. Garskaite Z. Moravec J. Pinkas S. Mathur R. Kazlauskas 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(11):557-562
Mixed-metal oxides with the composition Y3Sc x Ga5? x O12 (x?=?2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.25, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, and 3.0) have been prepared by an aqueous sol–gel method. The effects of scandium substitution on the garnet phase formation were studied by IR spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The XRD data indicate that single-phase Y3Sc x Ga5? x O12 ceramic samples were obtained for x?=?2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.25, 2.3, and 2.4. The results also show that the formation of Y3Sc x Ga5? x O12 garnets depends on the molar ratio of scandium and gallium in the investigated composition, and consequently on the mean cationic radius at the Al3+ sites. The variation of lattice parameters for the Y3Sc x Ga5? x O12 phases with different x is reported. 相似文献
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Pragya Mathur Shailendra P. Jain Durairaj Maheswaran 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2012,22(4):545-557
Three studies document that consumers' implicit theories about the fixedness/malleability of personality guide brand personality updating in a brand extension context. The first two studies show that extension fit with the parent brand impacts brand personality updating only for incremental (vs. entity theorists). Specifically, for incremental theorists, brand personality is enhanced (vs. diluted) when extension fit is poor (vs. good), and only when brand personality is salient. The third study identifies conditions under which entity theorists focus on brand personality. Interestingly, overall evaluations of the parent brand and extension vary only with extension fit. Implications of our research are discussed. 相似文献
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- Although stress research has received increased attention in the behavioral and social sciences, it has been virtually ignored by marketing and consumer researchers. This paper attempts to advance the concept of stress as a viable construct in consumer studies. A conceptual model is developed based on theory and research, and cross‐sectional and longitudinal data are used to test specific hypotheses, producing results consistent with the general stress model.
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Christian Grillon Oliver J. Robinson Ambika Mathur Monique Ernst 《Cognition & emotion》2016,30(4):700-712
Anxiety has wide-reaching and complex effects on cognitive performance. Although it can intrude on cognition and interfere with performance, it can also facilitate information processing and behavioural responses. In a previous study, we showed that anxiety induced by threat of shock facilitates performance on the Sustained Attention to Response Task, a vigilance test, which probes response inhibition to infrequent nogo stimuli. The present study sought to identify factors that may have contributed to such improved performance, including on- and off-task thinking (assessed with thought probes) and individual differences in attention control, as measured with the Attention Control Scale. Replicating our prior finding, we showed that shock threat significantly reduced errors of commission on the nogo trials. However, we extended this finding in demonstrating that this effect was driven by subjects with low attention control. We therefore confirm that anxiety increases inhibitory control of prepotent responses—a mechanism which is adaptive under threat—and show that this effect is greater in those who rely more upon such prepotent responding, i.e., those with low attentional control. 相似文献