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11.
Carlos Jose De los Reyes-Aragon Jose Amar Amar Alberto De Castro Correa Soraya Lewis Harb Camilo Madariaga Raimundo Abello-Llanos 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(12):3637-3643
Human development is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, especially during early childhood. Recently, research has indicated that the circumstances surrounding poverty can significantly influence children’s development. In this study, we aimed to measure the developmental level of children living in low-income, rural areas in northern Colombia. A total of 629 children (aged 0–5 years) were assessed using the Battelle Developmental Inventory. Results indicated that 17?% of the participants had a general developmental delay for their age group. This was especially true for scores on cognitive development (35.5?%) and communication (21.5?%). Moreover, the number of children with developmental delay increased at 6 months of age and continued to increase after 1 year in the communication and cognitive domains. The findings of this study suggest that impoverished social contexts—such as the one studied herein—offer opportunities that favor the development of the social domain, but restrict the development of the cognitive domain. Therefore, to promote cognitive development, individuals within children’s environment need to actively and intentionally stimulate them. Thus, there is a need for interventions that will improve environmental conditions; especially those that will help parents improve their caregiving practices and train educational staff to recognize and respond to the stimulation needs of children, especially those developmental domains that are affected by the environment. 相似文献
12.
Characterising the Personality of the Public Safety Offender and Non‐offender using Decision Trees: The Case of Colombia
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Víctor Hugo Masías Mauricio A. Valle José J. Amar Marco Cervantes Gustavo Brunal Fernando A. Crespo 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2016,13(3):198-219
The aim of this paper was to create a decision tree (DT) to identify personality profiles of offenders against public safety. A technique meeting this requirement was proposed that uses the C4.5 algorithm to derive decision rules for personality profiling of public safety offenders. The Mini‐Mult test was used to measure the personality profiles of 238 individuals. With the test results as our database, a C4.5 DT was applied to construct rules that classify each profile into one of two groups, those without and those with records of offences against public safety. The model correctly classified 80% of the personality profiles and delivered a set of decision rules for distinguishing the profiles by group, and the principal personality profiles were interpreted. We conclude that DTs are a promising technique for analysing personality profiles by their offender or non‐offender status. Finally, we believe that the development of a classifying model using DT may have practical applications in the Colombian prison system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
Bar-Hillel and Budescu (1995) failed to find a desirability bias in probability estimation. The World Cup soccer tournament
provided an opportunity to revisit the phenomenon in a context in which desirability biases are notoriously rampant. Participants
estimated the probabilities of various teams’ winning their upcoming games. They were promised money if one team—randomly
designated by the experimenter—won its upcoming game. Participants assigned a higher probability to a victory by their target
team than did other participants, whose promised monetary reward was contingent on the victory of its opponent. Prima facie,
this seems to be a desirability bias. However, in a follow-up study that made one team salient, without promising monetary
rewards, participants also judged their target team to be more likely to win. On grounds of parsimony, we conclude that what
appears to be a desirability bias may just be a salience/marking effect, and—although optimism is a robust and ubiquitous
human phenomenon—that wishful thinking still remains elusive. 相似文献
14.
Arzu Karakulak Maria Stogianni Itziar Alonso-Arbiol Shanu Shukla Michael Bender Victoria Wai Lan Yeung Veljko Jovanović Pasquale Musso Rosa Scardigno Riley A. Scott Jaimee Stuart Maria-Therese Friehs Zena Toh Nihan Albayrak-Aydemir Alexios Arvanitis Carmen Buzea Stefanos Mastrotheodoros Jo-Ann Tsang Filipa Madeira Diana Miconi Nicole Russell Pascual Wade C. Rowatt Rosemary L. Al-Kire Moty Amar Tugce Aral Guy Itzchakov Sushanta Kumar Mishra Roni Porat Rocco Servidio Delia Stefenel Ergyul Tair Alexandros Gkomez 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(11):e12878
Using cross-sectional data from N = 4274 young adults across 16 countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examined the cross-cultural measurement invariance of the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) scale and tested the hypothesis that the association between PVD and fear of COVID-19 is stronger under high disease threat [that is, absence of COVID-19 vaccination, living in a country with lower Human Development Index (HDI) or higher COVID-19 mortality]. Results supported a bi-factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model where items loaded on a global PVD factor, and on the sub-factors of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion. However, cross-national invariance could only be obtained on the configural level with a reduced version of the PVD scale (PVD-r), suggesting that the concept of PVD may vary across nations. Moreover, higher PVD-r was consistently associated with greater fear of COVID-19 across all levels of disease threat, but this association was especially pronounced among individuals with a COVID-19 vaccine, and in contexts where COVID-19 mortality was high. The present research brought clarity into the dimensionality of the PVD measure, discussed its suitability and limitations for cross-cultural research, and highlighted the pandemic-related conditions under which higher PVD is most likely to go along with psychologically maladaptive outcomes, such as fear of COVID-19. 相似文献
15.
Characteristics of Personal Networks Associated with Physical and Psychological Quality of Life Among Demobilized Individuals from the Colombian Armed Conflict
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José Juan Amar‐Amar Raimundo Abello‐LLanos Camilo Madariaga‐Orozco José Ávila‐Toscano 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2014,24(3):173-190
The study identifies relationships between the characteristics of personal networks of demobilized individuals and their quality of life, through the evaluation of a sample of 102 ex‐combatants from a demilitarized zone in Colombia's Caribbean coast. The data was processed using centrality values calculation and statistical analysis through the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results showed moderate levels of nodality, proximity and intermediation degrees regarding small, closed networks with an unsatisfied high demand for support resources. Quality of life showed medium performance levels, with inverse relationships between mental health (p = .009 < .05) and vitality (p = .011 < .05) and intermediation. Positive feedback related significantly to general health (p = .041 < .05), while negative interactions showed inverse relationships to physical functioning (p = .012 < .05), physical role (p = .005), mental health (p = .001 < .05), and emotional role (p = .009 < .05). In conclusion, among the highly cohesive personal networks, there were less observations of social support that fosters increased energy and psychological health, given that access to this support is limited to a small number of members of the personal network. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Amar Ghorpade 《American journal of psychoanalysis》2009,69(1):72-79
The concepts of identity, self and self-representation have been discussed extensively in psychoanalytic metapsychology. These concepts are at times confusing and are used interchangeably by various authors. Regardless of what one calls it, what one experiences in a given moment is one's representation as an analyst or a father or a son or daughter, depending on the situation one is in. This paper describes such state-dependent self-representations as an aspect of the self and argues that state-dependent self-representations are probably more clinically relevant and useful in day-to-day practice. 相似文献
17.
18.
Amar Dhall 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(5):363-380
Dhall (2010) posited that quantum holism can provide an alternate justification for human rights. This article explores how such a foundation challenges aspects of international law and assertions of cultural relativism that have stymied the ongoing development of a universal human rights culture. 相似文献
19.
Rakesh Ojha Alakh N. Sahu A.V. Muruganandam Gireesh Kumar Singh Sairam Krishnamurthy 《Brain and cognition》2010
Asparagus Racemosus (AR) is an Ayurvedic rasayana possessing multiple neuropharmacological activities. The adpatogenic and antidepressant activity of AR is well documented. The present study was undertaken to assess nootropic and anti-amnesic activities of MAR in rats. The Morris water maze (MWM) and elevated plus maze (EPM) models were employed to evaluate learning and memory activity. Subsequently, the anti-amnestic activity was evaluated in scopolamine and sodium nitrite (NaNO2)-induced amnestic models in rats. Rats pre-treated with MAR (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o) for 7 days showed significant decrease in escape latency in the MWM test indicating nootropic activity. MAR also significantly reversed scopolamine and sodium nitrite-induced increase in transfer latency on EPM indicating anti-amnesic activity. Further, MAR dose-dependently inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme in specific brain regions (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus). Thus, MAR showed nootropic and anti-amnesic activities in the models tested and these effects may probably be mediated through augmentation of cholinergic system due to its anti-cholinesterase activity. 相似文献
20.
Mental accounts are often characterized as self‐control devices that consumers employ to prevent excess spending and consumption. However, under certain conditions of ambiguity, the mental accounting process is malleable; that is, consumers have flexibility in assigning expenses to different mental accounts. We demonstrate how consumers flexibly classify expenses, or construct accounts, to justify spending. An expense that can be assigned to more than one account (i.e., an ambiguous expense) is more likely to be incurred than an unambiguous expense that is constrained either by existing budgets or by previously constructed accounts. We explore the justification processes that underlie these results and their implications for mental accounts as self‐control devices. 相似文献